Endocrine And Other Crap Flashcards
What are the three types of hormonal communication
1) autocrine
2) paracrine
3) endocrine
What three things that regulate hormone release?
1) chemical factor
2) endocrine factors
3) neural control
Where are steroid hormones synthesized?
In the liver
How is hormone receptor sensitivity adjusted?
More receptors more sensitive.
How do cells influence sensitivity?
More cells less receptor concentration
Less cells more receptors on cells.
What is the adenohypophysis?
Anterior pituitary
What type of sensitivity is Graves’ disease? How do we know?
Type II sensitivity because body’s own antibodies bind to body’s own antigens.
What are the 5 detailed functions of the endocrine system?
1) Differentiation in the reproductive and CNS in developing fetus.
2) Stimulate growth and development in adolescence.
3) Coordinates male and female reproductive systems.
4) maintains internal environment.
5) initiates corrective and adaptive responses in emergency.
What are characteristics of hormones?
1) rhythms of secretions
2) operate with in feedback systems
3) only affects cells with appropriate receptors
What are the three basic patterns for hormone secretion?
1) Circadian/ diurnal rhythms
2) pulsatilla and cyclic
3) levels of circulating substrates.
What are the three regulators of hormone release?
1) chemical factors (blood glucose and CA++ levels)
2) endocrine factors
3) Neural control (Catecholamines)
What is the most common system for monitoring and control of cellular environment?
The negative feedback loop.
Hypothalamus-> TRH- stimulates Anterior Pituitary-> secretes TSH->stimulate and secretes T3 and T4-> inc T hormones->inhibit TRH->Inhibits TSH so on.
How are water soluble and lipid soluble hormones transported? Which one has the longer half-life?
Water soluble (insulin) circulate in unbound forms. They have shorter half-life. Lipid-soluble (cortisol) must be attached to carrier or transport protein. They can last hours in blood.
What is up regulation in terms of cells receptors and hormones?
Low concentration of hormone increase the # of receptors on cell.
What is down regulation in terms of receptors and hormones?
High concentration of hormones circulating lead to less receptors on a cell.