Endocrine And Other Crap

Question 1

What are the three types of hormonal communication

Answer 1

1) autocrine
2) paracrine
3) endocrine

Question 2

What three things that regulate hormone release?

Answer 2

1) chemical factor
2) endocrine factors
3) neural control

Question 3

Where are steroid hormones synthesized?

Answer 3

In the liver

Question 4

How is hormone receptor sensitivity adjusted?

Answer 4

More receptors more sensitive.

Question 5

How do cells influence sensitivity?

Answer 5

More cells less receptor concentration

Less cells more receptors on cells.

Question 6

What is the adenohypophysis?

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary

Question 7

What type of sensitivity is Graves’ disease? How do we know?

Answer 7

Type II sensitivity because body’s own antibodies bind to body’s own antigens.

Question 8

What are the 5 detailed functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 8

1) Differentiation in the reproductive and CNS in developing fetus.
2) Stimulate growth and development in adolescence.
3) Coordinates male and female reproductive systems.
4) maintains internal environment.
5) initiates corrective and adaptive responses in emergency.

Question 9

What are characteristics of hormones?

Answer 9

1) rhythms of secretions
2) operate with in feedback systems
3) only affects cells with appropriate receptors

Question 10

What are the three basic patterns for hormone secretion?

Answer 10

1) Circadian/ diurnal rhythms
2) pulsatilla and cyclic
3) levels of circulating substrates.

Question 11

What are the three regulators of hormone release?

Answer 11

1) chemical factors (blood glucose and CA++ levels)
2) endocrine factors
3) Neural control (Catecholamines)

Question 12

What is the most common system for monitoring and control of cellular environment?

Answer 12

The negative feedback loop.
Hypothalamus-> TRH- stimulates Anterior Pituitary-> secretes TSH->stimulate and secretes T3 and T4-> inc T hormones->inhibit TRH->Inhibits TSH so on.

Question 13

How are water soluble and lipid soluble hormones transported? Which one has the longer half-life?

Answer 13

Water soluble (insulin) circulate in unbound forms. They have shorter half-life.
Lipid-soluble (cortisol) must be attached to carrier or transport protein. They can last hours in blood.

Question 14

What is up regulation in terms of cells receptors and hormones?

Answer 14

Low concentration of hormone increase the # of receptors on cell.

Question 15

What is down regulation in terms of receptors and hormones?

Answer 15

High concentration of hormones circulating lead to less receptors on a cell.

Question 16

What are the three types of cell surface receptors?

Answer 16

1) G proteins linked receptors
2) ion channel receptors
3) enzymatic linked receptors

Question 17

How can steroid hormones enter plasma? How can water soluble hormones enter?

Answer 17

Lipid- soluble or steroid can enter through diffusion.
Water-soluble enters through any of 3 receptors depending on components. The receptors could be G-Protein linked, ion Channel receptors, enzyme linked receptors.

Question 18

What are the three emphasized functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 18

1) differentiation
2) growth
3) function
Via hormones