Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine System > Endocrine Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Gland

A

Group of cells that works together to produce and secrete: hormones, enzymes, and other bodily components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Exocrine gland

A

WITH ducts (sebaceous and sudoriferous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine gland

A

WITHOUT ducts - secretes directly into the blood stream to reach the target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Affects metabolism, growth development, reproduction, temperature, fluid balance, and emotional response

A

Endocrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messenger that travels through the bloodstream to their target organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Actions of Hormones

A

Increase or decrease a normal body process by affecting the target organ, which can also affect the action of other hormones significantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Metabolic changes

A

Occur in response to the actions of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Negative feedback

A

When a gland one releases a hormone, which stimulates target cells to release a second hormone, gland one slows the release of hormones as it senses the second hormone rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

Called the master gland, uses negative feedback to control other endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Works with hypothalamus and is located at a small depression in the sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

A

Secretes 6 major hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

6 major hormones of the adenohypophysis

A
  1. Somatotropin [Growth hormone (GH)]
  2. Adenocorticotropic hormone (ADH)
  3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
    4 and 5. Gonadotropic hormones - [Luteinizing hormone (LH) and
    Growth hormone (GH)]
  4. Prolactin (Causes mammary gland to produce milk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland (Neurohypophysis)

A

Releases 2 hormones with stimulation from hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormones secreted by Neurohypophysis

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxytocin

A

Promotes the release of milk and stimulates uterine contraction during labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

a.k.a. Vasopressin

Decrease the amount of urine produce, also helps raise blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thyroid

A

Butterfly shape, just below the larynx, connected by isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of thyroid gland

A

Highly vascularized, secretes T3 and T4 hormones, needs IODINE for hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Responsible for stimulating OTHER glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T3 and T4 hormones regulates:

A

Growth and Development
Metabolism
Activity of nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

T3, T4, and Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Calcitonin

A

Decrease blood calcium levels by storing calcium in bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

4 pieces, located at the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and secretes PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH or parathormone)

A

Helps increase serum calcium levels, and regulates the amount of phosphorus

25
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Can cause spasms due to overstimulation of muscles

26
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Can cause impaired cardiac function, can also lead to death.

27
Q

Changes in the kidneys caused by PTH

A

Increase Ca and Mg reabsorption from kidney tubules and accelerates the elimination of P in the urine

28
Q

Adrenal glands (suprarenal gland)

A

Small, yellow masses that lie on the top of the kidneys

29
Q

Two parts of adrenal glands

A

Cortex and Medulla

30
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Has 3 separate layers: Zona Glumerulosa, Zona Fasciculata, and Zona Reticulares

31
Q

MIneralocorticoids

A

secreted by the outer zone (zona glomerulosa)

32
Q

MIneralocorticoids

A

Helps with water and electrolyte homeostasis and indirectly manage blood pressure

33
Q

Aldosterone

A

Principal mineralocorticoid, helps decrease potassium levels and increase sodium

34
Q

Sodium retention

A

Leads to water retention increasing blood volume and therefore increasing blood pressure (WHERE SALT GOES, WATER FOLLOWS)

35
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Secreted by the middle zone (Zona Fasciculata)

36
Q

Cortisol

A

Helps with glucose metabolism and provides extra reserve energy

Also acts as an anti-inflammatory

37
Q

Sex hormones

A

Secreted by the inner zone (Zona reticularis)

Androgens for MALE
Estrogens for FEMALE

38
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Same as cells of sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

Two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla during times of stress

40
Q

Preparation for “fight or flight” induced by epinephrine/norepinphrine

A
  • HR and BP increase
  • Vessels constrict
  • Liver releases glucose reserved
41
Q

Pancreas

A

Has BOTH endocrine and exocrine properties, located at the posterior of the stomach

42
Q

Endocrine properties of pancreas

A

Islets of Langerhans (alpha cells and beta cells)

43
Q

Two major hormone secreted by islets of Langerhans

A

Insulin and Glucagon

44
Q

Insulin

A

Secreted by beta cells, in response to elevated serum glucose level

45
Q

Glucagon

A

Secreted by alpha cells in response to decreased serum glocuse level

46
Q

Major role of insulin and glucagon

A

Carbohydrates, Fat, and Protein metabolism

47
Q

Female Sex Glands

A

Ovaries and Placenta

48
Q

Ovaries

A

Located on the right and left side of the uterus, produce two hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

49
Q

Estrogen

A

Producing female secondary sex characteristics (pubic hair, maturation of reproductive organ)

50
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepares the reproductive organs which started by estrogen

51
Q

Placenta

A

Temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy

Replaces estrogen and progesterone secretion during pregnancy

52
Q

Male Sex Organs

53
Q

Testes

A

Located outside the body, contained in the scrotum and secretes testosterone

54
Q

Testosterone

A

Development of male secondary sex characteristics (pubic, facial, axillary hair, deepening of voice, maturation of reproductive organs, development of muscle and bone mass)

Also necessary for sperm production

55
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Located posterior to the sternum and secretes thymosin, which helps with immune system

56
Q

T Lymphocytes

A

Carry out immune reactions to antigens, thymus gland programs the information in utero and the first few months of life

57
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Small cone shaped gland on the roof of the third ventricle

58
Q

Hormone secreted of the pineal gland

59
Q

Melatonin

A

Inhibits reproductive activated by inhibiting gonadotropic hormones, which prevents children from maturing until puberty

Induce sleep

Affect mood

Impact menstrual cycles

Endocrine System (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions