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ENDOCRINE > ENDOCRINE- Anatomy and Embryology > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE- Anatomy and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How is the Thyroid embriologic development?

A

Thyroid divericulum arises from floor of the primitive pharynx, and descends into neck

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2
Q

In thyroid development, it is connected to this structure…

A

Conected to tongue by thyroglossal duct, which normally disapears

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3
Q

If thyroid persists connected to tongue by thyroglossal duct, what structure does it forms?

A

Normally disapears but may persist as pyramidal lobe of Thyroid

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4
Q

Normal remnant of thyroglossal duct

A

Foramen cecum

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5
Q

Most common thyroid tissue site of thyroid

A

Tongue

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6
Q

How is thyroglossal duct cyst presented?

A

As an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue

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7
Q

Which diagnosis has to be in mind against Thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

vs Persistent cervical sinus leading to branchial cleft cyst in lateral neck

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8
Q

From where is Adrenal cortex derived?

A

From Mesoderm

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9
Q

From where is Adrenal medulla derived?

A

Neural crest

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10
Q

Zones found in Adrenal cortex (in order)

A

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasiculata
Zona Reticularis

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11
Q

Primary regulatory control of Zona Glomerulosa

A

Renin- Angiotensin

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12
Q

Which is the secretory product of Zona Glomerulosa?

A

Aldosterone

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13
Q

Who are the primary regulatory control of Zona Fasiculata?

A

ACTH, CRH

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14
Q

Cortisol and sex hormones are the main secretory products of this Adrenal cortex zone

A

Zona Fasiculata

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15
Q

Who is the primary regulatory controler of Zona Reticularis?

A

ACTH, CRH

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16
Q

Secretory products of Zona Reticularis

A

Sex hormones (eg. andrones)

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17
Q

Cells found in Adrenal Medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

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18
Q

Primary regulatory controlers of Adrenal Medulla

A

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers

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19
Q

Secretory products of Adrenal Medulla

A

Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

20
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

21
Q

Clinical presentation of Pheochromocytoma

A

Episodic hypertension

22
Q

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children

A

Neuroblastoma

23
Q

How often does Neuroblastoma produces hypertension?

A

Rarely

24
Q

Left adrenal gland drainage

A

Left adrenal gland→ Left adrenal vein → left renal vein → IVC

25
Q

Right adrenal gland drainage

A

Right adrenal gland→ Right adrenal vein → IVC

26
Q

Which structures have the same drainage as Adrenal glands?

A

Gonadal veins

27
Q

How else is posterior pituitary gland known?

A

Neurohypophysis

28
Q

What does the Neurohypophysis secretes?

A

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, or ADH)

Oxytocin

29
Q

Where are vasopressin and oxytocin produce? What happens after they are produced?

A

Made in the hypothalamus and shipped to posterior pituitary via neurophysins

30
Q

What are the neurophysins?

A

Carrier porteins

31
Q

From where does Neurohypophysis derive?

A

From neuroectoderm

32
Q

Proper name for Anterior pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

33
Q

What does Adenohypophysis secretes?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, GH, melanotropin (MSH)

34
Q

From where does Adenohypophysis derive?

A

From oral ectoderm (Rathke pounch)

35
Q

α subunit is common to these Adenohypophysis secretions

A

TSH, LH, FSH and hCG

36
Q

What does β subunit determines in Adenohypophysis?

A

Hormone specificity

37
Q

Which Adenohypophysis secretions are acidophil cells?

A

GH, prolactin

38
Q

Which Adenohypophysis secretions are basophil cells?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

39
Q

Where are Islets of Langerhans found?

A

Endocrine pancreas

40
Q

What cells are found in Islets of Langerhans?

A

α, β, δ cells

41
Q

What do α cells of pancreas produce?

A

Glucagon

42
Q

Where are α cells of Islets of Langerhans found?

A

Peripheral

43
Q

What do β cells of pancreas produce?

A

Insulin

44
Q

Where are β cells of Islets of Langerhans found?

A

Central

45
Q

What do δ cells of pancreas produce?

A

Somatostatin

46
Q

Where are δ cells of Islets of Langerhans found?

A

Interspersed

ENDOCRINE (4 decks)

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