Endocrine Adult Dr. Kirila Flashcards

1
Q

Primary , Secondary , tertiary thyroid problem

A
  1. primary = thyroid prob
  2. secondary = AP problem (TSH)
  3. Tertiary = Hypothalamus prob (TRH)
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2
Q

high TSH + T4/T3

A

AP tumor secreting TSH

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3
Q

Diffuse Goiter found in

A

Graves disease (can be dx with radionuclear scan)

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4
Q
  1. cold nodules
  2. warm nodules
  3. Hot nodules
A
  1. cold = 85% benign, 15% malignant
  2. Warm = 90% benign, 10% malignant
  3. Hot = 95 % benign, 5% malignant
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5
Q

Thyroid fine needle aspiration

A

can fail if hypocellular sample, or poor technique

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6
Q

Goiter or thyroid nodule can cause what problem + surgery complications

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N damage (esp during thyroid surgery*) + parathyroid damage in surgery

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7
Q

hypothyroidism face

A

puffy eyes, thickened skin

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia caused by what 3 things and associated with what 2 things

A
  1. Parathyroid related, Malignancy, VitD related

2. Renal failure + High Bone Turnover

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9
Q

Hypercalcemia and EKG

A

shortend Q-T interval (T wave is shorter and not as long)

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10
Q

bone density test and what values mean

A

DEXA

  1. normal : over -1
  2. osteopenia : -1 to -2.5
  3. Osteoporosis : under -2.5
  4. Severe osteoporosis : under -2.5 + fracture history
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11
Q

form to fill out on risk for fracture

A

FRAX

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12
Q

Vit D turns into active form where + resp in metabolic acidosis

A

Kidney

+ Kussmaul Respirations

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13
Q

fluid deficiency in T1D (dka) and T2D (nkhs)

A
  1. 3-5 L (T1D)

2. 8-10L (T2D)

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14
Q

Glucose at what level can cuase increased infections

A

at 150 or above, glucose interferres with Neutrophil functions

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15
Q

low PTH with high CA and low P

A
  1. malignancy, multiple Myeloma
    2, granulomatous Dz
  2. drug
  3. Vit D intoxication
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16
Q

acute hypercalcemia is associated with

A
  1. dehydration
  2. fluid loss, polyuria
  3. renal impairment
  4. short Q-T interval
    == Treat with fluids, consider loop diuretics
17
Q

chronic hypercalcemia causes

A

psychiatric probs, renal stones, bone problems

18
Q

corrected Ca+ calculated how

A

Ca (corrected) = Ca + 0.8 (4.0 - albumin)

= what you should look at to know if someone has abnormal Ca levels