Endocrine Adult Dr. Kirila Flashcards
Primary , Secondary , tertiary thyroid problem
- primary = thyroid prob
- secondary = AP problem (TSH)
- Tertiary = Hypothalamus prob (TRH)
high TSH + T4/T3
AP tumor secreting TSH
Diffuse Goiter found in
Graves disease (can be dx with radionuclear scan)
- cold nodules
- warm nodules
- Hot nodules
- cold = 85% benign, 15% malignant
- Warm = 90% benign, 10% malignant
- Hot = 95 % benign, 5% malignant
Thyroid fine needle aspiration
can fail if hypocellular sample, or poor technique
Goiter or thyroid nodule can cause what problem + surgery complications
Recurrent Laryngeal N damage (esp during thyroid surgery*) + parathyroid damage in surgery
hypothyroidism face
puffy eyes, thickened skin
Hypercalcemia caused by what 3 things and associated with what 2 things
- Parathyroid related, Malignancy, VitD related
2. Renal failure + High Bone Turnover
Hypercalcemia and EKG
shortend Q-T interval (T wave is shorter and not as long)
bone density test and what values mean
DEXA
- normal : over -1
- osteopenia : -1 to -2.5
- Osteoporosis : under -2.5
- Severe osteoporosis : under -2.5 + fracture history
form to fill out on risk for fracture
FRAX
Vit D turns into active form where + resp in metabolic acidosis
Kidney
+ Kussmaul Respirations
fluid deficiency in T1D (dka) and T2D (nkhs)
- 3-5 L (T1D)
2. 8-10L (T2D)
Glucose at what level can cuase increased infections
at 150 or above, glucose interferres with Neutrophil functions
low PTH with high CA and low P
- malignancy, multiple Myeloma
2, granulomatous Dz - drug
- Vit D intoxication