Endocrine/Adrenal/Thyroid Disorders (Deeb) Flashcards
If adrenal insufficiency is present, what do anxiety and stress increase the risk of?
Adrenal Crisis
What should be prescribed for adrenal insufficiency patient during surgical procedures or infection?
Steroid supplementation
What sedative agent is contraindicated in patients with adrenal insufficiency or on steroid treatment for adrenal insufficiency?
No barbiturates
What is an adrenal insufficiency disease?
Addison’s disease
What is a good HbA1c?
6 and below
What is the high limit for systolic BP and treatment?
180 mmHg
What is the high limit for diastolic BP and treatment?
110 mmHg
What is the high limit for blood glucose in diabetes?
400 mg/dL
What is the low limit for blood glucose in diabetic?
80 mg/dL
What is the key every time in a medical emergency
ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
What is the rule of 2’s for long-term steroid use?
20mg for more than 2 weeks in the past 2 years
If you give an adrenal-suppressed patient steroid coverage to help the body deal with the stress of the procedure, what should be considered post-operatively?
Post-op antibiotic prophylaxis for infection as steroids are immunosuppressive
What is located in the neck near the trachea, having a butterfly shape?
Thyroid
What are 3 thyroid gland hormones?
- Thyroxine T4
- Triiodotyronine T3
- Calcitonin
What is the most abundant thyroid hormone?
Thyroxine T4 (will convert to T3 on uptake)
What is the most potent thyroid hormone?
Triiodotyronine T3
What is the backbone for both T3 and T4 thyroid?
Tyrosine
What is the key component to the tyrosine to make it T3 or T4?
Iodine
How are T3 and T4 released from the thyroid?
Hypothalamus stimulated. Releases Thyroid releasing hormone(TRH) onto anterior pituitary causing anterior pituitary to release Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulating thyroid to release T3 & T4
How are T3 and T4 inhibited?
Negative feedback loop to hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
What are 3 things that will stimulate the Hypothalamus to secrete Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) onto Anterior Pituitary?
- Stress
- Low temperatures
- Norepinephrine
What is an endogenous substance, beyond T3 and T4, that will inhibit the anterior pituitary from releasing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) from adrenal glands
What percentage of T4 and T3 is bound to blood carrier protein Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG)?
99%
Where are thyroid hormones produced and stored?
Colloid-containing Thyroid follicles of thyroid gland