Endocrine A&P Flashcards
where is the pituitary gland situated?
beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the skull
2 lobes of the pituitary gland
(1) anterior
(2) posterior
what controls pituitary hormone release?
hypothalamus
what does the anterior pituitary secrete?
–TSH
–ACTH
what does the posterior pituitary secrete?
–ADH
–Oxytocin
when is ADH released?
In response to high serum osmolality and/or hypotension
function of ADH
causes water retention via action in the kidneys
where are the adrenal glands?
on top of the kidneys
components of adrenal glands
–inner medulla
–outer cortex
what does the adrenal medulla secrete?
epi and norepi
what does the adrenal cortex release in response to ACTH?
–glucocorticoids (cortisol)
–mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
–sex steroids (androgens)
when are epi and norepi released?
in response to SNS stimulation
connection between epi/norepi and SNS?
both prolong and enhance effects of SNS
what are the steroid hormones released from the adrenal cortex responsible for?
they regulate the body’s response to normal and abnormal levels of stress
primary glucocorticoid
cortisol
functions of glucocorticoids
–raising blood sugar
–protect against physiologic effects of stress
–suppress inflammatory and immune processes
–release muscle stores of proteins
–increase blood cholesterol
primary mineralcorticoid
aldosterone
what is aldosterone regulated by?
renin-angiotensin system in the kidneys
function of aldosterone
–maintain salt and water balance
–promotes secretion of potassium
–when triggered by angiotensin II, promotes sodium retention and thus water retention
what hormones do the thyroid secrete?
T3 and T4
T3
active form; converted from T4
forms of T4
(1) 1 attaches to proteins when not needed
(2) free T4 enters tissues when needed
what is produced more: T4 or T3?
80-90% more T4 than T3
when does T4 get converted to T3?
when it reaches organs and tissues to aid in metabolism
