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Endocrine System > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Glands are

A

Ductless that release hormones via bloodstream

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2
Q

Hormone levels are often controlled by

A

Negative feedback

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3
Q

Hormones are

A

long distance , released by glands

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4
Q

Autocrines are

A

Short Distance, chemical messengers that affect the cells that released them (self)

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5
Q

Paracrines are

A

short distance , affect nearby cells

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6
Q

Humoral stimuli

A

chemicals found in body fluid like ion/nutrient levels

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7
Q

Neural stimuli

A

direct stimulation by neurons (e.g Adrenal Medulla)

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8
Q

Hormonal stimuli

A

by hormones

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9
Q

Target cells respond to

A

Hormones. Response depends on: Hormone levels, # of receptors on cell, receptor desire for the hormone

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10
Q

Half - life

A

how long the hormone remains active in blood

water-soluble hormones have shortest half lives, steroids have longest half lives

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11
Q

Onset time

A

How quickly target cells respond

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12
Q

Duration of effect

A

how long the cells stays in response to that hormone

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13
Q

Permissiveness

A

the hormone only works fully when the other is working

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14
Q

Synergism

A

The hormone works better together

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15
Q

Antagonism

A

The hormone works against each other

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

part of the brain with endocrine functions.

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17
Q

Hypothalamus produces and secretes

A

Oxytocin and ADH to the Posterior Pituitary

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18
Q

Hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary by the

A

Infundibulum

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19
Q

Proper name for Posterior Pituitary is the

A

Neurohypophysis (nur - ro - hi - pa- th- sis)

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20
Q

The tract that goes from the Hypothalamus to the Posterior Pituitary is called

A

Hypothalamic - Hypophyseal tract

Hy-po-tha- lamic Hy-po -fa- seal

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21
Q

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

A

stores and releases hormones only

22
Q

Oxytocin

A

targets the uterus, breast, brain, uterine contractions , and milk ejection

23
Q

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

targets kidneys, blood vessels. Stimulates water re-absorption, blood pressure maintenance (keeps BP up)

24
Q

Anterior Pituitary proper name is

A

Adenohypophysis ( A -DE- No- hy- pa-fa-sis)

25
Q

Adenohypophysis produces and releases 6 hormones

A

Growth Hormone (GH) , Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) , Adrenocorticoropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL)

26
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Targets almost all cells , Stimulates growth

27
Q

Thyroid - Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

targets thyroid gland, stimulates the thyroid hormone (TH)

28
Q 
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) 
A-Dre-no- cor-tic-co-tro-pic)
A

targets adrenal cortex , stimulates release of Gluco - and Gonadocorticoids

29
Q

Follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

targets gonads (ovaries and testis) , stimulates eggs and sperm

30
Q 
Luteninizing Hormone (LH)
(Lu-ten-ni-zing)
A 
targets gonads (ovaries and testis) Stimulates estrogen/progesterone 
stimulates testosterone production by testes
31
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

targets mammary glands, stimulates milk production

32
Q

Thyroid Gland is located

A

inferior to the larynx

33
Q

The lobes on the Thyroid Gland is connected by an

A

isthmus

34
Q

Thyroid Hormone (TH) is produced by

A

follicle cells/ colloid ; targets almost all body cells , increases basal metabolic rate (BMR) , promotes normal development of systems

35
Q

Thyroid Gland Produces two hormones

A

Thyroid Hormone (TH) and Calcitonin

36
Q

Calcitonin produced by

A

parafollicular cell, decreases Ca2+ loss from bone (it maintain bone)

37
Q

iodine is needed to make

A

Thyroid Hormone

38
Q

Goiter is caused by

A

iodine deficiency

39
Q

Graves’ disease caused by an

A

over active thyroid (Hyperthyroidsim)

Symptoms: weight loss, eyes swell , its treatable

40
Q

Parathyroid Glands usually have

A

four round glands on dorsal thyroid gland

41
Q

Parathyroid Glands produce one hormone called

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

42
Q

Parathyroid Hormones (PTH) targets

A

bone and kidneys, raises blood ca2+ (calcium) levels (removes calcium from bone)

43
Q

Adrenal Glands are located

A

on top of the kidneys (2)

44
Q

Adrenal Glands have two glands in one which are

A

the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

45
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

outer region consisting of 3 layers or zones

46
Q

Zona Glomerulosa is what layer

A

outer layer of cortex

47
Q

Zona Glomerulosa produces a class of hormones called

A

Mineralocorticoids like Aldosterone

48
Q

Aldosterone targets the

A

kidney tubules , increase Na+ (salt/sodium) , decreases urine output, maintains /keeps up blood pressure.

49
Q

Zona Fasciculata is what layer

A

Middle layer of cortex

50
Q

Zona Fasciculata produces a class of hormones called

A

Glucocortitcoids like Cortisol

51
Q

Cortisol targets the

A

liver, cardiovascular, digestive system

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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