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Endocrine Physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Ductless + secrete hormones into blood neurohormones are secreted into blood

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2
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Do not produce hormones –> release sweat and milk

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3
Q

Comparison to NS

A
  • both use chem to communicate
  • some chem are used at NT
  • both important for survial
  • both important for homeostasis
  • Ns is wires Endocrine is “wireless”
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4
Q

Major Process controlled and integrated by hormones

A
  • growth and development
  • mobilization of body defences against stressors
  • maintenance
  • regulation of cell metabolism and energy
  • blood cell production
  • circulation, digestion, absorption
  • reproduction
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5
Q

Mechanism of hormone action

A
  • changes in plasma membrane permeability and excitability —> more excitable or depressed
  • synthesis of protein
  • enzyme activation or deactivation
  • induction of secretory release of ANT PIT
  • stimulation of mitosis
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6
Q

factors of extent of target cell activation

A
  1. blood levels of the hormones
  2. how fast it is broken down (half life)
  3. relative amount of receptors for that hormone
  4. the affinity of the union between the hormone and the receptor (the amount they like each other will aid in target responsiveness)
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7
Q

Upregulation

A

Increase in # of receptors of another hormone (estrogen increase # of receptors for progesterone and oxytocin during pregnancy uterus is more sensitive )

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8
Q

DownRegulation

A

hormones causes loss of receptors in another hormone –> prevents from over reaction (# of es

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9
Q

Antagonism

A

hormones that have opposite reactions

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10
Q

Permissiveness

A

1 hormone must be present in adequate amounts for full exertion of another hormone

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11
Q

Synergism

A

action of several hormones are complementary effects is greater than separate effects

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12
Q

Hormone metabolism

A

hormone conc usually decreases when i is metabolized (except t4 when it tuns in to t3)

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13
Q

Half life

A

time is take for a hormone to break down by half min - couple of days

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14
Q

ADH

A
  • posterior pituitary
  • when blood fluid decreases or osmolality increase (conc of solutes) it signal for more water to be absorbed
  • peptide
  • neurohormone
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15
Q

Oxytocin

A

-milk let down, uterine contraction
made in women and men
-peptide
- neurohormone

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16
Q

Prolactin

A 
Ant pit 
milk production after birth 
water and electrolyte balance 
supports male reproductive system 
PIH (inhibits prolactin because we dont normally need it)-> PRL 
-Peptide
17
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Ant pit
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
TRH (tropic) –> TSH (peptide) –> TH (amine)
-important in young children

18
Q

ACTH

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol - ant pit

CRH –> ACTH (peptide) –> Glucorticoids (steroid)

19
Q

GH

A 
Somatotropin - ant pit
- growth and development 
-amino acids into proteins 
-protein synthesis in muscles 
-catabolic breakdown of fats 
-GHRH --> GH (peptide) --> SOmatomedin (liver most growth from these) 
or 
GHIH --> GH (inhibiting growth)
20
Q

LH and FSH

A

Gonadotropic - ant pit
FSH - ovary follicle growth and sperm cells
LH - ovulation and testosterone
GnRH –> FSH and LH –> testosterone and Estrogen
steroid

21
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Melatonin

  • circadian rhythums
  • believed that it inhibits LH and FSH –> then ant pit looses sensitivity to it puberty happens
  • anitoxidant (gets rid of free radicals that can damage DNA)
  • increases with darkness
22
Q

Adrenal Cortex - Mineral Corticoids

A 
Aldosterone
- targets the kidney
- retain NA and secrete K 
- steroid 
with it you can absorb 8% more salt instead of peeing it out (92 normally + 8)
23
Q

Adrenal Cortex - Glucocorticoids

A

Cortisol - steroid

  • stimulation of protein degration
  • stim glucose from amino acids
  • stimulation lipolysis
  • you need it to survive
  • during stress it provide energy nutrient to body (catabolic) (breakdown of nutrients)
  • anti inflammatory
  • suppress immune
24
Q

Thyroid T

A

T3 (active) and T4 (non active)
needed for metabolic rate
without it Norepi an epi will not be as effective

amine

25
Q

Thyroid Calcitonin

A

peptide

when blood Ca and Phosphate levels go up by 20% it causes then to go back down by inputting it into bones and teeth

26
Q

Parathyroid

A

-Stimulus is when CA levels drop in blood
causes bones to liquify and to put Ca back into blood
if the levels fall (stim PTH) = hyper-excitable muscles and neurons
-if levels too high = brain and nurons are depressed and reflexes are supressed
-BONE - liquify
-KIDNEY - less gets peed out
-INTESTINE - vitamin D –> more CA is absorbed

27
Q

Pancreas Insulin

A

Moves nutrient into cell, lowers levels in blood

BETA

28
Q

Pancreas Glucagon

A

Stored nutrients into blood

Alpha

Endocrine Physiology (1 decks)

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