Endocrine

Question 1

Define Homeostasis

Answer 1

Homeostasis: process in which the body
maintains a constant internal environment

●Hormones are the chemical messengers
that are secreted by the endocrine glands
directly into the bloodstream in order for the
messengers to reach the cells and organs in
the body

Question 2

What are the 13 major glands of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

●Pituitary gland
●Pineal gland
●Thyroid gland
●Parathyroid gland x4
●Thymus
●Pancreas (pancreatic islets)
●Adrenal gland x2
●Gonads x2

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

○pea-sized gland that is divided into
two parts: anterior and posterior
lobe
○secretes hormones that control the
activity of other endocrine glands

Question 4

What is the pineal gland?

Answer 4

○very small endocrine gland located
in the central portion of the brain
○secretions influence the sleep-
wakefulness cycle including the
hormone melatonin

Question 5

What is the thyroid gland?

Answer 5

○butterfly-shaped gland lies lies on
either side of the larynx just below
the thyroid cartilage
○primary function is to regulate the
body’s metabolism

Question 6

What is the parathyroid gland (x4)?

Answer 6

○size of a grain of rice and
embedded in the posterior of the
thyroid gland
○regulate calcium levels throughout
the body

Question 7

What is the thymus gland?

Answer 7

○located near the midline in the
anterior portion of the thoracic
cavity
○secretes hormones that functions
as part of the immune system

Question 8

What is the pancreas (pancreatic islets)?

Answer 8

○feather shaped organ located
posterior to the stomach
○controls blood sugar levels and
glucose metabolisms throughout
the body

Question 9

What is the adrenal gland (x2)?

Answer 9

○located with one on top of each
kidney
○controls electrolyte levels in the
body

Question 10

What are the gonads (x2)?

Answer 10

○gamete-producing glands
○ovaries in females and testicles in
males
○secrete hormones responsible for
development of sex characteristics
that develop during puberty

Question 11

What is an endocrinologist?

Related Medical Specialty

Answer 11

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating

diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands

Question 12

What is a certified diabetes instructor?

Related Medical Specialty

Answer 12

a health care professional qualified to teach people with

diabetes how to manage their disease

Question 13

What is diabetes inspidus?

Answer 13

caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by the inability of the kidneys to
respond appropriately to this hormone

Question 14

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 14

an inflammation of the pancreas which is a leading cause of long-term alcohol abuse

Question 15

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 15

overproduction of thyroid hormones which causes an

imbalance of the metabolism

Question 16

What is Graves’ Disease

Answer 16

a disorder of an unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
●Diabetes Mellitus: group of metabolism
disorders characterized by hyperglycemia
resulting in insulin secretion, insulin action
or both
●Type 1 Diabetes: autoimmune insulin
deficiency disorder caused by the
destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells
●Type 2 Diabetes: insulin resistance
disorder

Question 17

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 17

a group of metabolism disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

Question 18

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 18

an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the

destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

Question 19

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 19

an insulin resistance disorder

Question 20

Diagnostic Procedures

of the Endocrine System

Answer 20

●Thyroid scan
●Fasting blood sugar test
●Oral glucose tolerance test
●Radioactive Iodine treatment
●Human growth hormone (HGH)
●Pinealectomy
●Antithyroid drug
●Synthetic thyroid hormones
●Pancreatectomy

Question 21

Function of the Endocrine System

Answer 21

Produce hormones that work together to

maintain homeostasis