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Anatomy endocrine Ch 11 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

_____ are specific tissue after on by each hormone

A

Target cells or tissues

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2
Q

____ are proteins that are specific for a hormone

A

Receptors

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3
Q

___ keeps a stimulus going

A

Positive feedback

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4
Q

A _____ is a hormone like substance made from fatty acids, they work where they’re made, good at causing inflammation and inducing labor

A

Prostaglandin

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5
Q

___ is hypothyroidism in adults

A

Myxedema

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6
Q

_____ is hypothyroidism in a child

A

Cretinism

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7
Q

Not enough ADH hormone causes

A

Diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

___ is where the pancreas does not produce adequate insulin

A

Diabetes mellitus

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9
Q

____ is a lack of GH from the anterior pituitary

A

Dwarfism

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10
Q

_____ is to much GH from anterior pituitary

A

Giantism

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11
Q

___ is to much GH from the anterior pituitary; causing big hands, feet and head

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

___ ____ is to much hormone secretion from adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

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13
Q

____ _____ is where the adrenal cortex is not secreting enough hormones

A

Addison’s disease

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14
Q

_____ ____ is another term for hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease

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15
Q

_____ ____ are cells in the pancreas that secretes glucagon

A

Alpha cells

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16
Q

____ ____ is cells in islets that secrete insulin

A

Beta cells

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17
Q

____ ____ keeps the level of hormone within a specific range. Reverses stimulus

A

Negative feedback

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18
Q

_____ ____ secrete a 3rd hormone? Sonatostatin and inhibits gastric motility and acid secretion and can work endocrine and exocrine from the pancreas (controller of metabolism)

A

Delta cells

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19
Q

_______ is equivalent to the ante-pituitary and is the MASTER pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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20
Q

_____________ is equivalent to posterior pituitary

A

Neurohypophysis

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21
Q

What protects the brain?

A

Bones and membranes/meninges

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22
Q

What’s the main functions of the nervous system (4 of these)

A

Communication
Coordination
Regulatory
Integration

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23
Q

What’s the nick name for cerebellum

A

“Little brain”

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24
Q

What is the hardest part of the brain and is located in the core of the brain

A

Cerebellum

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25
Q

Compared to other regulatory systems the endocrine system regulates _____

A

Slowly and precisely

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26
Q

_____ ____ is a fine balance regulating the rate and quantity of secretions and reverses stimulus

A

Negative feedback

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27
Q

Duration of effects of this system are _____ where as the nervous system is quicker and shorter

A

Longer

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28
Q

____ _____ of hormones are major determining factor in hormone secretion

A

Blood levels

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29
Q

Endocrine glands are ___ hormones are released directly into body fluids (blood)

A

Ductless

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30
Q

Most hormones are made from this. Proteins or amino acids

A

Amino acid compounds

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31
Q

____ is steroids or cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisone and androgens

A

Lipids

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32
Q

____ ____ is more more more. Needs an external brake

A

Positive feedback

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33
Q

The endocrine system is widespread ____ and____ it effects are widespread from the brain to the pelvic area

A

Anatomically and psychologically

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34
Q

Pituitary, pineal gland is located

A

Head

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35
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid

A

Neck

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36
Q

Thymus

A

Mediastinum

37
Q

Pancreas

A

Abdomen

38
Q

Adrenals

A

Retroperitoneal

39
Q

Ovaries, testes

A

Pelvic

40
Q 
Non endocrine glands other organs secreting hormones 
Brain
Heart
Kidneys
Small intestines
Placenta
A

Know

41
Q

Hormone for kidneys

A

ADH

42
Q

_____ promotes progesterone and testosterone secretion

A

LH

43
Q

Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in which egg cells mature and the development of sperm cells in the testes

A

FSH

44
Q

___ stimulates milk production in breasts

A

Prolactin

45
Q

_____ stimulates hormone production in the cortex of the adrenal glands

A

Adtenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

46
Q

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

TSH

47
Q

___ is chemical messengers that regulate certain cells or organs

A

Hormones

48
Q

___ can also be defined as internal secretions that regulate

A

Hormones

49
Q

_____ or _____ _____ are tissues that connect with it work on are the target tissue. They have receptors in their membranes or cytoplasms of the cells to which the hormone attaches like a lock and key mechanism

A

Certain it specific cells

50
Q

Adipose tissue produces ___ a hormone that controls appetite and Gastrin for STOMACH

A

Leptin

51
Q

The kidneys produce a hormone called _____ which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Production of this increases when there’s decreased o2 in the blood

A

Erythropoietin

52
Q

The atria of the heart produce a substance called ____ ____ ____ in response to their increased filling with blood. This increased sodium excretion by the kidneys and lowers BP

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

53
Q

Why is the pituitary hypophysis the Master gland?

A

Because it’s hormones affect other glands “trophins” found in sphenoid bone

54
Q

An ____ connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

55
Q

By the hypothalamus ____ or ____ stimulates, regulate and inhibit

A

RH or IH

56
Q

Anterior pituitary adenohypophysis has what hormones and is a portal system- special circulatory “detour”- shunts some blood with hormones to the anterior pituitary

A

TSH, acth, PRL, FSH/LH, ICSH(in men)

57
Q

Posterior pituitary has what hormones and they are made in the hypothalamus and stored in and released from posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin (OT)

58
Q

Nerves run from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary in the infundibulum

A

Know

59
Q

Thyroid hormones are ____ and ____ and ____ both are for metabolism

A

T4 thyroxine tetraiodothyronine- main hormone.
T3- triiodothyronine

And calcitonin

60
Q

Parathyroid hormone?

A

Parathyroid hormone

61
Q

Where is the adrenal (suprarenal)

A

On top of the kidneys

62
Q

Medullas hormones are ___ and __\

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

63
Q

Cortex senses?

A

Sweet, salty, sexy

64
Q

Glucocorticoids-corticosteroids-cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Mineralocorticoids-aldosterone (Na+)

Sex hormones-androgens-mainly male

A

Know

65
Q

Pancreas location

A

Behind stomach Islets of langerhans

66
Q

Beta cells secrete

A

Insulin

67
Q

Alpha cells secrete

A

Glucagon

68
Q

Delta secretes

A

Somatostatin

69
Q

____ is between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain (posterior brain)

A

Pineal

70
Q

____ is only secretes in dark periods

A

Melatonin

71
Q

_____ is “mystery gland” in mediastinal region

A

Thymus

72
Q

_____ for maturation if T lymphocytes (thus immunity)

A

Thymosins

73
Q

Sex glands (gonads) ovaries in pelvic cavity of female

A

Know

74
Q

Ovarian follicles secrete

A

Estrogen

75
Q

Corpus luteum secretes

A

Progesterone

76
Q

Testes are In the pelvic area of a male and secretes

A

Testosterone

77
Q

Hypothalamus hormone is ____ and does what

A

Releasing hormones and controls the release of anterior pituitary hormones

78
Q

Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary hormone is _____ & ___ and does what

A

ADH and promotes water reabsorption in the kidney tubules at high concentration, stimulates construction of blood vessels

Oxytocin- causes uterine muscle contraction and causes milk ejection from mammary glands

79
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

GH- promotes growth of all tissues
TSH- stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and androgens
PRL(prolactin)- stimulates milk production by mammary glands
FSH- stimulates growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles and growth of testes, promotes sperm cell development

A

LH- initiates ovulation( corpus luteum formation an progesterone production in the female, stimulates testosterone secretion in male

80
Q

Thyroid hormones ___&____ and functions

A

Thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 - increased metabolic rate influencing both physical and mental activities required for normal growth.

81
Q

Parathyroids hormone function

A

Regulates exchange of calcium between blood and bones and increases calcium level in blood

82
Q

Adrenal medulla hormone and functions

A

Epinephrine and increased blood pressure and heart rate and activates cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system plus many not supplied by sympathetic nerves

83
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones and functions

A

Cortisol- increases blood glucose in response to stress

Aldosterone - promotes salt (water) retention and k+ excretion

Weak androgens-contribute to some secondary sex characteristics in women

84
Q

Pancreatic islets hormone and function

A

Insulin- reduces blood glucose concentrations by promoting glucose uptake into cells and glucose storage and promotes fat and protein synthesis

Glucagon- stimulates the liver to release glucose increasing blood glucose levels

85
Q

Hormone for GI?

A

Somatostatin-gastric acid secretion, intestinal absorption, and motility. .

86
Q

Ovaries hormone and function

A

Estrogen- growth of primary sec organs and development of secondary sex organs

Progesterone- stimulates development of mammary glands secretory tissue uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum and aids im maintaining pregnancy

87
Q

Testes hormone and function

A

Growth and development of sexual organs plus development of secondary characteristics and stimulates sperm cell maturation

88
Q

Pineal gland hormone and function

A

Melatonin and regulates mood sexual development and daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment

Anatomy endocrine Ch 11 (1 decks)

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