Endocrine

Question 1

_____ are specific tissue after on by each hormone

Answer 1

Target cells or tissues

Question 2

____ are proteins that are specific for a hormone

Answer 2

Receptors

Question 3

___ keeps a stimulus going

Answer 3

Positive feedback

Question 4

A _____ is a hormone like substance made from fatty acids, they work where they’re made, good at causing inflammation and inducing labor

Answer 4

Prostaglandin

Question 5

___ is hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 5

Myxedema

Question 6

_____ is hypothyroidism in a child

Answer 6

Cretinism

Question 7

Not enough ADH hormone causes

Answer 7

Diabetes insipidus

Question 8

___ is where the pancreas does not produce adequate insulin

Answer 8

Diabetes mellitus

Question 9

____ is a lack of GH from the anterior pituitary

Answer 9

Dwarfism

Question 10

_____ is to much GH from anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Giantism

Question 11

___ is to much GH from the anterior pituitary; causing big hands, feet and head

Answer 11

Acromegaly

Question 12

___ ____ is to much hormone secretion from adrenal cortex

Answer 12

Cushing syndrome

Question 13

____ _____ is where the adrenal cortex is not secreting enough hormones

Answer 13

Addison’s disease

Question 14

_____ ____ is another term for hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

Graves’ disease

Question 15

_____ ____ are cells in the pancreas that secretes glucagon

Answer 15

Alpha cells

Question 16

____ ____ is cells in islets that secrete insulin

Answer 16

Beta cells

Question 17

____ ____ keeps the level of hormone within a specific range. Reverses stimulus

Answer 17

Negative feedback

Question 18

_____ ____ secrete a 3rd hormone? Sonatostatin and inhibits gastric motility and acid secretion and can work endocrine and exocrine from the pancreas (controller of metabolism)

Answer 18

Delta cells

Question 19

_______ is equivalent to the ante-pituitary and is the MASTER pituitary gland

Answer 19

Adenohypophysis

Question 20

_____________ is equivalent to posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Neurohypophysis

Question 21

What protects the brain?

Answer 21

Bones and membranes/meninges

Question 22

What’s the main functions of the nervous system (4 of these)

Answer 22

Communication
Coordination
Regulatory
Integration

Question 23

What’s the nick name for cerebellum

Answer 23

“Little brain”

Question 24

What is the hardest part of the brain and is located in the core of the brain

Answer 24

Cerebellum

Question 25

Compared to other regulatory systems the endocrine system regulates _____

Answer 25

Slowly and precisely

Question 26

_____ ____ is a fine balance regulating the rate and quantity of secretions and reverses stimulus

Answer 26

Negative feedback

Question 27

Duration of effects of this system are _____ where as the nervous system is quicker and shorter

Answer 27

Longer

Question 28

____ _____ of hormones are major determining factor in hormone secretion

Answer 28

Blood levels

Question 29

Endocrine glands are ___ hormones are released directly into body fluids (blood)

Answer 29

Ductless

Question 30

Most hormones are made from this. Proteins or amino acids

Answer 30

Amino acid compounds

Question 31

____ is steroids or cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisone and androgens

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

____ ____ is more more more. Needs an external brake

Answer 32

Positive feedback

Question 33

The endocrine system is widespread ____ and____ it effects are widespread from the brain to the pelvic area

Answer 33

Anatomically and psychologically

Question 34

Pituitary, pineal gland is located

Answer 34

Head

Question 35

Thyroid and parathyroid

Answer 35

Neck

Question 36

Thymus

Answer 36

Mediastinum

Question 37

Pancreas

Answer 37

Abdomen

Question 38

Adrenals

Answer 38

Retroperitoneal

Question 39

Ovaries, testes

Answer 39

Pelvic

Question 40

``` Non endocrine glands other organs secreting hormones Brain Heart Kidneys Small intestines Placenta ```

Answer 40

Know

Question 41

Hormone for kidneys

Answer 41

ADH

Question 42

_____ promotes progesterone and testosterone secretion

Answer 42

LH

Question 43

Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in which egg cells mature and the development of sperm cells in the testes

Answer 43

FSH

Question 44

___ stimulates milk production in breasts

Answer 44

Prolactin

Question 45

_____ stimulates hormone production in the cortex of the adrenal glands

Answer 45

Adtenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

Question 46

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

Answer 46

TSH

Question 47

___ is chemical messengers that regulate certain cells or organs

Answer 47

Hormones

Question 48

___ can also be defined as internal secretions that regulate

Answer 48

Hormones

Question 49

_____ or _____ _____ are tissues that connect with it work on are the target tissue. They have receptors in their membranes or cytoplasms of the cells to which the hormone attaches like a lock and key mechanism

Answer 49

Certain it specific cells

Question 50

Adipose tissue produces ___ a hormone that controls appetite and Gastrin for STOMACH

Answer 50

Leptin

Question 51

The kidneys produce a hormone called _____ which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Production of this increases when there’s decreased o2 in the blood

Answer 51

Erythropoietin

Question 52

The atria of the heart produce a substance called ____ ____ ____ in response to their increased filling with blood. This increased sodium excretion by the kidneys and lowers BP

Answer 52

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 53

Why is the pituitary hypophysis the Master gland?

Answer 53

Because it’s hormones affect other glands “trophins” found in sphenoid bone

Question 54

An ____ connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Answer 54

Infundibulum

Question 55

By the hypothalamus ____ or ____ stimulates, regulate and inhibit

Answer 55

RH or IH

Question 56

Anterior pituitary adenohypophysis has what hormones and is a portal system- special circulatory “detour”- shunts some blood with hormones to the anterior pituitary

Answer 56

TSH, acth, PRL, FSH/LH, ICSH(in men)

Question 57

Posterior pituitary has what hormones and they are made in the hypothalamus and stored in and released from posterior pituitary

Answer 57

ADH and oxytocin (OT)

Question 58

Nerves run from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary in the infundibulum

Answer 58

Know

Question 59

Thyroid hormones are ____ and ____ and ____ both are for metabolism

Answer 59

T4 thyroxine tetraiodothyronine- main hormone. T3- triiodothyronine And calcitonin

Question 60

Parathyroid hormone?

Answer 60

Parathyroid hormone

Question 61

Where is the adrenal (suprarenal)

Answer 61

On top of the kidneys

Question 62

Medullas hormones are ___ and __\\

Answer 62

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 63

Cortex senses?

Answer 63

Sweet, salty, sexy

Question 64

Glucocorticoids-corticosteroids-cortisol (hydrocortisone) Mineralocorticoids-aldosterone (Na+) Sex hormones-androgens-mainly male

Answer 64

Know

Question 65

Pancreas location

Answer 65

Behind stomach Islets of langerhans

Question 66

Beta cells secrete

Answer 66

Insulin

Question 67

Alpha cells secrete

Answer 67

Glucagon

Question 68

Delta secretes

Answer 68

Somatostatin

Question 69

____ is between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain (posterior brain)

Answer 69

Pineal

Question 70

____ is only secretes in dark periods

Answer 70

Melatonin

Question 71

_____ is “mystery gland” in mediastinal region

Answer 71

Thymus

Question 72

_____ for maturation if T lymphocytes (thus immunity)

Answer 72

Thymosins

Question 73

Sex glands (gonads) ovaries in pelvic cavity of female

Answer 73

Know

Question 74

Ovarian follicles secrete

Answer 74

Estrogen

Question 75

Corpus luteum secretes

Answer 75

Progesterone

Question 76

Testes are In the pelvic area of a male and secretes

Answer 76

Testosterone

Question 77

Hypothalamus hormone is ____ and does what

Answer 77

Releasing hormones and controls the release of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 78

Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary hormone is _____ & ___ and does what

Answer 78

ADH and promotes water reabsorption in the kidney tubules at high concentration, stimulates construction of blood vessels Oxytocin- causes uterine muscle contraction and causes milk ejection from mammary glands

Question 79

Anterior pituitary hormones GH- promotes growth of all tissues TSH- stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and androgens PRL(prolactin)- stimulates milk production by mammary glands FSH- stimulates growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles and growth of testes, promotes sperm cell development

Answer 79

LH- initiates ovulation( corpus luteum formation an progesterone production in the female, stimulates testosterone secretion in male

Question 80

Thyroid hormones ___&____ and functions

Answer 80

Thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 - increased metabolic rate influencing both physical and mental activities required for normal growth.

Question 81

Parathyroids hormone function

Answer 81

Regulates exchange of calcium between blood and bones and increases calcium level in blood

Question 82

Adrenal medulla hormone and functions

Answer 82

Epinephrine and increased blood pressure and heart rate and activates cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system plus many not supplied by sympathetic nerves

Question 83

Adrenal cortex hormones and functions

Answer 83

Cortisol- increases blood glucose in response to stress Aldosterone - promotes salt (water) retention and k+ excretion Weak androgens-contribute to some secondary sex characteristics in women

Question 84

Pancreatic islets hormone and function

Answer 84

Insulin- reduces blood glucose concentrations by promoting glucose uptake into cells and glucose storage and promotes fat and protein synthesis Glucagon- stimulates the liver to release glucose increasing blood glucose levels

Question 85

Hormone for GI?

Answer 85

Somatostatin-gastric acid secretion, intestinal absorption, and motility. .

Question 86

Ovaries hormone and function

Answer 86

Estrogen- growth of primary sec organs and development of secondary sex organs Progesterone- stimulates development of mammary glands secretory tissue uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum and aids im maintaining pregnancy

Question 87

Testes hormone and function

Answer 87

Growth and development of sexual organs plus development of secondary characteristics and stimulates sperm cell maturation

Question 88

Pineal gland hormone and function

Answer 88

Melatonin and regulates mood sexual development and daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment