Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What kinds of neurons are responsible for anterior pituitary?

A

Parvicellular neurons

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2
Q

What kinds of neurons are responsible for posterior pituitary?

A

Magnocellular neurons

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3
Q

TRH is synthesized from what nucleus of the hypothalamus?

A

From the PARAVENTRICULAR nucleus. Along with CRH

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4
Q

What hypothalamic nuclei synthesizes Prolactin and GH?

A

ARCUATE nucleus

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5
Q

What hypothalamic nuclei synthesizes GnRH?

A

Supraoptic nuclei

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6
Q

What is the effect of increased TSH on Prolactin?

A

Increased TSH decreases Prolactin since it decreases TRH which stimulates Prolactin

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7
Q

What is the effect of increased TRH on Prolactin?

A

Increased TRH increases Prolactin secretion… while dopamine inhibits it

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8
Q

Where are steroid hormone receptors located?

A

In the cytosol or on the nuclear membrane… thyroid hormones follow this concept. Peptide hormones, on the other hand, have their receptors on the cell membrane

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the pituitary gland?

A

Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the ICA (internal carotid artery) in the cavernous sinus

Venous drainage by hypophyseal veins in the cavernous sinus

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10
Q

Where is the hypophyseal diverticulum from?

A

From the floor of the mouth… stomodeum.. it’s an upgrowth

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11
Q

Where is the infundibulum of the pituitary from?

A

Down growth from the diencephalon.. from the floor of the forebrain

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12
Q

What germ layer does the thyroid develop from?

A

Endoderm. It’s a proliferation of the floor of the pharynx @ foramen cecum

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13
Q

Embryological derivative of the parathyroid gland?

A

From the 3rd (inferior) and 4th (superior) pharyngeal POUCH. Endoderm derivative with neural crest interaction

3rd= thymus, inferior parathyroid 
4th= sup parathyroid, parafollicular C cells
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14
Q

Embryological derivative of the adrenal gland?

A
Cortex= mesoderm
Medulla= neural crest
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15
Q

Adrenal gland vasculature?

A

From you see this you should think THREE (3) diff branches

  • Superior adrenal from inferior phrenic A
  • middle from abdominal aorta
  • inferior from Renal Artery
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16
Q

What veins drain into the left renal vein before the IVC?

A

Left gonadal vein and left suprarenal vein