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Endocrine Bio 202 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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2
Q

GH

A

Growth Hormone

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3
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing Hormone

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4
Q

Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants - what disease process

A

Cretinism

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5
Q

Hypo secretion of the adrenal cortex - what disease process

A

Cushing’s disease

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6
Q

Hypo secretion of the thyroid in adults - what disease process

A

Myxedema

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7
Q

Hyper secretion of the growth hormone - what disease process

A

Acromegaly

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8
Q

Hypo secretion of the adrenal cortex - what disease process

A

Addison’s disease

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9
Q

What disease process or syndrome does hypo secretion of the pancreas cause

A

Diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

What disease or syndrome does hypo secretion of the growth hormone cause

A

Acromegaly

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11
Q

An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland

A

Graves’ disease

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12
Q

What area of the body does the Thyrotropin-releasing hormone target

A

Thyroid gland

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13
Q

What area of the body does the corticosteroid-releasing hormone target

A

Adrenal cortex

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14
Q

What area of the body does the Prolactin-releasing hormone target

A

Mammary glands

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15
Q

What area of the body does the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone target

A

Testes/ovaries

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16
Q

What area of the body does the Growth hormone releasing hormone target

A

Bone and skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Produces hormones and is considered a neuron doctrine hormone

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Produces steroid hormones and gluticosteroids and mineralocorticosteroids

A

Adrenal cortex

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19
Q

Produces hormones that direct the production of the secondary sex characteristics in females

A

Ovaries

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20
Q

Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland

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21
Q

Produces the hormones that promote the development of the male secondary sex characteristics

A

Testes

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22
Q

T or F. All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second messenger

A

True

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23
Q

T or F. All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA

A

True

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24
Q

T or F. Direct gene activation involves a second messenger

A

False

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25
Q

T or F. Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine

A

True

26
Q

T or F. All of the following are secreted by the adrenohypophysis. FSH , LH, ACTH

A

True

27
Q

T or F. Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to neurotransmitters

A

True

28
Q

T or F. The thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an adult.

A

True

29
Q

T or F. Although glucagon is a small polypeptide, it is nevertheless very potent in its regulatory effects

A

True

30
Q

T or F. Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls BP in part by increasing excretion of sodium.

A

True

31
Q

T or F. Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticosteroids produced in the adrenals but the least abundant

A

False

32
Q

T or F. The beta cells are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin.

A

True

33
Q

T or F. The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenisis.

A

True

34
Q

T or F. Follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroglobulin while follicles of the parathyroid produce calcitonin.

A

False

35
Q

T or F. Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions

A

True

36
Q

T or F. With age, chronic stress increases bl levels of cortisol and appears to contribute to memory degradation

A

True

37
Q

T or F. Gonadotropin is also referred to as leutinizing hormone

A

True

38
Q

T or F. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

A

True

39
Q

T or F. Both “turn on” factors (humoral, neural, hormonal) and turn off factors (feedback inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.

A

True

40
Q

T or F. Addison’s disease is due to a deficit output of glucorticosteroids only.

A

False

41
Q

T or F. The hormone that rises BGL in humans is insulin.

A

False

42
Q

T or F. The antagonist hormones that regulate the bl Ca sleeves are calcitonin-parahormone

A

True

43
Q

T or F. In humans, melatonin may inhibit sexual maturation

A

True

44
Q

How many layers does the adrenal cortex have?

A

3

45
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete

A

Corticosteroids

46
Q

What is the adrenal medulla made of?

A

Nervous tissue

47
Q

What is the function of PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

Stimulates osteocyte activity for the release of Ca+2 from bone matrix
Enhances reabsorption of Ca+2 and phosphate release from kidneys
Promotes activation of vit d

48
Q

What gland plays the most important role in Ca+2 homeostasis

A

PTH

49
Q

How is calcitonin regulated?

A

By a humoral negative feedback mechanism

50
Q

Calcitonin inhibits what activity

A

Osteoclasts activity

51
Q

Calcitonin acts as an antagonist to what hormone

A

PTH

52
Q

What functions does TH (thyroid hormone) play a role in?

A

Metabolic rate, BP maintenance, regulation of tissue growth, development of skeletal tissue, reproductive capabilities

53
Q

What is the Thyoid Hormone comprised of?

A

T3 - thyroxine

T4-triiodothyronine

54
Q

What is the precursor of the thyroid hormone (TH)?

A

Colloid (thyroglobulin + iodine)

55
Q

What structure and its substructure produce calcitonin ?

A

Thyroid and parafollicular cells

56
Q

What hormones do the thyroid follicles produce?

A

Thyroglobulin

57
Q

What does SIADH stand for?

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate Anitdiuretic Hormone

58
Q

What are the causes of ADH hypersecretion

A

Trauma, secretion from cancer cells

59
Q

What causes diabetes insipidus?

A

ADH hypo secretion

60
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates uterine contractions, release of milk from mammary glands, as well as sexual arousal and orgasm in men and women

61
Q

What signals the release of ADH and oxytocin

A

Nerve impulses

62
Q

Posterior pituitary stores which hormones

A

Oxytocin and ADH

Endocrine Bio 202 (1 decks)

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