Endocrine

Question 1

How do Endocrine organs operate?

Answer 1

via synthesis an secretion of hormone chemical messengers.

-They are ductless and rely on secretory cells

Question 2

Describe Exocrine glandular epithelium

Answer 2

maintains continuity with surface epithelium, and has polarized cells with polarized secretions

Question 3

Describe Endocrine glandular epithelium

Answer 3

lose contact with surface epitheliu and have non-polarized cells with non-polarized secretions (into surrounding blood capillaries) thyroid is the exception

Question 4

grave’s disease

Answer 4

hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos edema behind eyes causes them to protrude

Question 5

Goiters

Answer 5

inadequate iodine intake

Question 6

which cells secrete the Thyroid hormone?

Answer 6

follicular cells

Question 7

which cells secrete calcitonin

Answer 7

para-follicular cells (c-cells)

Question 8

function of calcitonin on bone

Answer 8

inhibits osteoclastic activity which reduces levels of clacium in bloodstream

Question 9

where are oxiphil cells found?

Answer 9

in parathyroid gland of older individuals lots of mitochondria in the cell

Question 10

effects of PTH

Answer 10

• stmulates osteoclastic activity
• increases absorption of calcum from gastrointestinal tract when calcium is present in diet
• increases the reabsorption of calcium in proximal convoluted tubules

increases blood calcium level and causes bone erosion

Question 11

where does the cortex of the adrenal gland arise form

Answer 11

• mesoderm

- similar to gonads and secretes steroid hormones

Question 12

where does the medulla of the adrenal gland arise from

Answer 12

• neural crest

- secretes catecholamines

Question 13

cells of zona fasciculata are termed what?

Answer 13

spongiocytes lipid filled cells

-arranged in long rows between fenestrated capillaries

Question 14

what steroid hormone is produced in the Zona Fasciulata?

Answer 14

glucocorticoids– cortisol or corticosterone

Question 15

what steroid hormone is produced in the zona glomerulosa

Answer 15

mineralcorticoids– aldosterone

Question 16

what steroid hormone is produced in zona reticularis

Answer 16

Androgens (DHEA)

Question 17

GLUT 2

Answer 17

insulin-independent transporter of glucose; located highly in the islet cells; transports glucose to insular cells and hepatocytes

Question 18

GLUT 4

Answer 18

insulin-dependent transporter of glucose; removes glucose from blood

Question 19

Type I Diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

-juvenile onset; due to an autoimmune attack upon islets

Question 20

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 20

• adult onset; resistance of tissues to effects of insulin; leading cause of blindness, renal failure and amputations

Question 21

Par ditalis is also refered to as what?

Answer 21

Adenohypophysis

Question 22

Par Nervosa is also referred to as what?

Answer 22

Neurohypophysis

Question 23

MSH- secreting cells

Answer 23

found in Pars intermedia

Question 24

what are the glia cells in the neurohypophysis called?

Answer 24

pituicytes

Question 25

where is vasopressin stored?

Answer 25

• ADH
• stimulates the kidney to produce a concentrated urine
• lack of vasopressin causes Diabetes Insipdus
• stored in herring bodies