Endocrine

Question 1

What is the MOA for Propylthiouracil and methimazole?

Answer 1

Propylthiouracil and methimazole block thyroid perxidase, inhibiting the oxidation of iodide and the organification and coupling of iodine

inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis

propylthiouracil also blockes the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Question 2

What drugs can be used to treat exopthalamos?

Answer 2

Glucocorticoids can be used to treat exopthalamos found with graves’ disease

Question 3

what are common side effects associated with propothiouracil?

Answer 3

Hepatotoxicity

skin rash

agranulocytosis

aplastic anemia

Drug-induced SLE

PTU is safe to use during the first trimester of pregnancy and is the preferred treatment over methimazole (its a teratogen)

Question 4

Levothyroxine

Answer 4

IV thyroid hormone replacement

gets converted to both T3 and T4

clinical use is hypothyroidism and myxedema (the coma associated with hypothyroidism)

Side effects include tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, and arrhythmias

Question 5

what is the MOA for denosumab?

Answer 5

Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL

it is useful in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoperosis

inhibition of RANKL prevents the activation of osteoclasts

Question 6

What is the function of PTH?

Answer 6

PTH is released in response to low serum concentrations of Ca++.

It stimulates osteoclast activity, increases Ca++ resorption, and increases the production of active Vit D by the kidney (at the expense of phosphate)

Question 7

what is the MOA of teriparatide?

Answer 7

Teriparatide is a recombinant PTH analog. it is given subcutanelously daily and, when given in a pulsitile manner, it increases osteoblast activity