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Drugs Endocrine > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Lispro

A

Short acting insulin

Binds insulin recpetor –> tyrosine kinase–> liver: increased glycogen stores muscle: increased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, K UPTAKE, Fat: increased TG storage

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2
Q

aspart

A

Short acting insulin

Binds insulin recpetor –> tyrosine kinase–> liver: increased glycogen stores muscle: increased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, K UPTAKE, Fat: increased TG storage

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3
Q

glulisine

A

short acting insulin

Binds insulin recpetor –> tyrosine kinase–> liver: increased glycogen stores muscle: increased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, K UPTAKE, Fat: increased TG storage

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4
Q

detemir

A

long acting insulin

Binds insulin recpetor –> tyrosine kinase–> liver: increased glycogen stores muscle: increased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, K UPTAKE, Fat: increased TG storage

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5
Q

glargine

A

long acting insulin

Binds insulin recpetor –> tyrosine kinase–> liver: increased glycogen stores muscle: increased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, K UPTAKE, Fat: increased TG storage

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6
Q

Metformin

A

Type 2 DM

Inhibit hepatic gluconeogensis, increase glycolysis, increase peripheral glucose uptake

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7
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

Type 2 DM

Close K channel beta islet cell, trigger insulin release

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8
Q

Tolbutamide

A

Type 2 DM

Close K channel beta islet cell, trigger insulin release

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9
Q

Glimepiride

A

Type 2 DM

Close K channel beta islet cell, trigger insulin release

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10
Q

Glipizide

A

Type 2 DM

Close K channel beta islet cell, trigger insulin release

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11
Q

Glyburide

A

Type 2 DM

Close K channel beta islet cell, trigger insulin release

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12
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Type 2 DM

Binds PPAR-gamma–> increase insulin sensitivity

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13
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Type 2 DM

Binds PPAR-gamma–> increase insulin sensitivity

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14
Q

Nateglinide

A

Type 2 DM

Postprandial insulin release by binding K channels on beta cells (binding site differ from sulfonylureas)

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15
Q

Repaglinide

A

Type 2 DM

Postprandial insulin release by binding K channels on beta cells (binding site differ from sulfonylureas)

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16
Q

Exenatide

A

Type 2 DM

GLP-1 analog. Increase glucose dependent insulin release, decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, increase satiety

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17
Q

Liraglutide

A

Type 2 DM

GLP-1 analog. Increase glucose dependent insulin release, decrease glucagon release, decrease gastric emptying, increase satiety

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18
Q

Linagliptin

A

Type 2 DM

DPP-4 inhibitor. DPP-4 inactivates GLP-1

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19
Q

Saxagliptin

A

Type 2 DM

DPP-4 inhibitor. DPP-4 inactivates GLP-1

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20
Q

sitagliptin

A

Type 2 DM

DPP-4 inhibitor. DPP-4 inactivates GLP-1

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21
Q

Pramlintide

A

Type 1 and 2 DM

Decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon

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22
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Type 2 DM

SGLT2 inhibitor. Block reabsorption of glucose in PCT

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23
Q

dapagliflozin

A

Type 2 DM

SGLT2 inhibitor. Block reabsorption of glucose in PCT

24
Q

empagliflozin

A

Type 2 DM

SGLT2 inhibitor. Block reabsorption of glucose in PCT

25
Q

Acarbose

A

Type 2 DM

Inhibit brush border alpha glucosidase. Decrase postprandial hyperglycemia

26
Q

Miglitol

A

Type 2 DM

Inhibit brush border alpha glucosidase. Decrase postprandial hyperglycemia

27
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Hyperthyroid, First trimester pregnancy

Block TPO: Inhibit I oxidation, Block peripheral deiodinase

28
Q

Methimazole

A

Hyperthyroid

Block TPO: Inhibit I oxidation

29
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Hypothyroid

Synthetic T4

30
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

Hypothyroid

Synthetic T3

31
Q

Conivaptan

A

SIADH

V2 receptor blocker

32
Q

Tolvaptan

A

SIADH

V2 receptor blocker

33
Q

Desmopressin acetate

A

Central DI, von willebrand disease, sleep enuresis

Synthetic ADH specific for V2

34
Q

GH

A

GH deficiency, turner syndrome, prader willi

GH

35
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulate labor, uterine contractions, milk let down, control uterine hemorrhage

36
Q

Octreotide

A

Acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

Somatostatin analogue

37
Q

Demeclocycline

A

SIADH

ADH antagonist

38
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency

synthetic aldosterone

39
Q

Amiloride

A

Treat nephrogenic DI

Block eNAC in collecting ducts

40
Q

Thiazide

A

Treat nephrogenic DI

Block Na/Cl symporter DCT

41
Q

Pegvisomant

A

Acromegaly

GH receptor antagonist

42
Q

Mecasermin

A

Growth Failure IGF-1 deficiency

Recombinant IGF-1

43
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly

D2 agonists. Inhibit GH release (poorly).

44
Q

Cabergoline

A

Hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly

D2 agonists. Inhibit GH release (poorly).

45
Q

Alendronate

A

1st line osteoperosis, hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of mal), paget dz

Bind hydroxyappetite at areas high turn over–>Osteoclasts bind and get stuck, Block osteoclast precursor development, induce osteoclast apoptosis

Acid reflux, esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, jaw osteonecrosis, hypocalcemia

46
Q

Pamidronate

A

1st line osteoperosis, hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of mal), paget dz

Bind hydroxyappetite at areas high turn over–>Osteoclasts bind and get stuck, Block osteoclast precursor development, induce osteoclast apoptosis

Acid reflux, esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, jaw osteonecrosis, hypocalcemia

47
Q

Zoledronate

A

1st line osteoperosis, hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of mal), paget dz

Bind hydroxyappetite at areas high turn over–> Osteoclasts bind and get stuck, Block osteoclast precursor development, induce osteoclast apoptosis

Acid reflux, esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, jaw osteonecrosis, hypocalcemia

48
Q

Estrogen therapy

A

Post menopausal osteoperosis

Bind Estrogen-R on osteoclasts–> Prevent precursor differentiation

SE: Breast cancer, DVT, PE

49
Q

Raloxifene

A

Post menopausal osteoperosis, Breast cancer

SERM
Estrogen agonist bone, antagonist breast, uterus. Prevent osteoclast precursor differentiation

SE: DVT, PE

50
Q

Denosumab

A

Osteoperosis

Block RANKL, decrease osteoclast activity

51
Q

Calcitonin

A

2 line (osteoperosis, paget dz), acute hypercalcemia

Block osteoclasts, decrease Ca reabsorption Kidney, Lower serum Ca, phos

Hypocalcemia

52
Q

Teriparatide

A

osteoperosis

Recomb PTH. Increase Ca reabsorption/phos excretion kidney, Increase Osteoblast activity, no osteoclast activity. Increase bone growth

Transient hypercalcemia

53
Q

Vitamin D

A

Vit D Deficiency, Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoperosis, psoriasis (topical), hypocalcemia

GI/Kidney: Increase Ca/phos Bone: Increase RANKL and osteoblast maturation, Increase Ca/phos

Hypercalcemia

54
Q

Cinacalcet

A

1/2 hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia)

Sensitize CaSR –> Lower PTH

Hypocalcemia

55
Q

Sevelamer

A

hyperphosphatemia (renal failure)

Phosphate binding polymer–> Decrease GI absorption

Drugs Endocrine (3 decks)

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