Endocrine Flashcards
Name the screening test for growth hormone excess
IGF 1
Name the screening test for Cushing
24 hour free urinary cortisol Serum ACTH levels
Thyrotoxic myopathy affects which group of muscles
Shoulder girdle muscles
An association of thyrotoxic myopathy
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Five step mechanisms of the action of Sulfonylureas
- .Binds to the sulfonylurea receptors on the beta cells
- Blocks ATP dependent K channels
- Depolarisation
- Ca Influx
- Release of insulin
Does increase insulin levels increase cardiovascular risk
Yes
Where are most of the sulfonylureas metabolized and excreted
metabolised in the liver and excreted in the kidney
Name the two classes of insulin secretogogues
Sulfonylureas
Non sulfonylureas
Name the Non sufonylurea insulin secretogogues
MEGLITINIDES
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Can sulfonylureas impair cardiac functioning
Yes.
sulfonylureas binds to the myocytes and blocks K channels and thus impairs ischemic preconditioning
Three important difference between MEGLINITIDE and SULFONYLUREA
MEGLINITIDE
- Rapid and short duration of action
- Less weight gain
- Safer in renal failure
Two important mechanism of METFORMIN
- Reduces hepatic production of glucose
- Increases peripheral sensitivity of insulin
List the six contraindications for metformin
Cardiac Failure
Hepatic failure
Renal failure
Dehydration
Metabolic Acidosis
Alcoholism
Which has a greater cardiovascular risk
post prandial hyperglycemia or FBS
Post prandial hyperglycemia
What is the mode of action of a THIAZOLIDINEDIONE
It is a pharmacologic ligand for a nuclear transcription factor PPAR G.
(Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor-Gamma)
