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** Board Exam ** > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary

A

6 hormones

FLATPiG

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A
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3
Q

Most common cause for diabetes insipitus

A

Pituitary surgery

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4
Q

SIADH

conditions

A
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5
Q

SIADH Plasma

volume

osm

sodium

A
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6
Q

SIADH Urine

volume

osm

sodium

A
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7
Q

SIADH treatment

A
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8
Q

Diabetes insipidus

Conditions

A

too little ADH

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9
Q

Diabetes insipidus Plasma

volume

osm

sodium

A
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10
Q

Diabetes insipidus Urine

volume

osm

sodium

A
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11
Q

Diabetes Insipidus Treatment

A
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12
Q

Gigantism considerations

A
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13
Q

Hormones released by the thyroid glands

A
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14
Q

T3 vs T4 hormones

A
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15
Q

How do thyroid hormones affect the metabolic rate

A
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16
Q

elevated thyroid hormones effects on volatile gas MACs

A
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17
Q

elevated thyroid hormones effects on cardiovascular system

A
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18
Q

elevated thyroid hormones effects on GI

A

increased gastric motility = diarrhea

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19
Q

elevated thyroid hormones effects on cellular metabolism

A
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20
Q

elevated thyroid hormones effects on musculoskeletal system

A
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21
Q

Hypethyroidism etiology

A
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22
Q

Hyperthyroidism general findings

A
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23
Q

Hypothyroidism etiologies

A
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24
Q

Hypothyroidism general findings

A
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25
Q

Hypothyroidism cardiac and pulmonary findings

A
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26
Q

most common time frame for thyroid storm

A

6-18 hrs post-op

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27
Q

myxedema come - what is it

A

coma as a consequence of end-stage hypothyroidism

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28
Q

amiodarone in the thyroid patient

A
  • amiodarone contains high concentration of iodine per wieght
  • It can cause hyper or hypothyroidism
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29
Q

Which drugs are thionamides and what do they do?

A
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30
Q

Which drugs are thionamides and key details about them

A
  • propylthiouracil PTU
  • methimazole
  • carbimazole
31
Q

beta-blockers used for hyper-thyroidism and their action

A

Esmolol - easier to titrate

Propanalol

32
Q

potassium iodide in hyperthyroidism - role and key details

A
33
Q

radioactive iodine - role and key details

A
34
Q

thyroidectomy complications

A
  • hypothyroidism
  • hypocalcemia
  • hemorrage with tracheal compression
  • recurent laryngeal nerve damage
35
Q

thiopental and hyperthyroidism

A
36
Q

hyperthyroidism and neuromuscular blockers

A

cautions as hyperthyroidism is associated with myastenia gravis and myopathy

37
Q

hyperthyroidism and positioning in the OR

A

caution d/t higher incidence of osteoporosis

38
Q

thyroid storm

incidence, causes and timing of occurance

A
39
Q

thyroid storm - sxs

A
40
Q

thyroid storm - differential diagnosis

A
41
Q

thyroid storm main treatment

A
42
Q

thyroid storm supportive treatment

A
43
Q

hypocalcemia sxs

A
44
Q

Chevostek’s sign vs Trousseau’s Sign

A

upper = chevostek’s

lower = troussease’s

45
Q

where are androgens, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids produced

A
46
Q

where are cathecholamines produced?

A

adrenal medulla

47
Q

the layers of the adrenal medulla and what it produces

A
48
Q

what stimulates aldoseterone release?

A
  • RAAS activation
  • hyponatremia
  • hyperkalemia
49
Q

what stimulates cortisol release?

A
50
Q

aldosterone role

A
51
Q

cortisol roles

A
  • energy mobilization (gluconeogenesis in the liver to make glucose in the blood, protein catabolism and mobilization of fat to increase sugar in the blood)
  • anti-inflammatory - stabilizes lysosomal layer of cells and decreases number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the blood (does not help with histamine release)
  • increases response to cathecholamines making the myocardium more sensitive to beta 2 stimulation and increasing the number of beta 2 receptors and the vasculature to catecholamines
  • androgenic effects
52
Q

which endogenous steroids have equal parts gluco / mineralo corticoid properties ?

A

Cortisol and Cortisone

53
Q

which synthetic steroids have equal parts gluco / mineralo corticoid properties ?

A

none

54
Q

which synthetic steroids do not have mineralocorticoid properties ?

A

dexamethasone

betamethasone

triamcinolone

55
Q

what’s Conn’s disease ?

A

hyper-aldoseteronism

  • hypertension (sodium and water retention)
  • hypokalemia (potassium wasting)
  • metabolic alkalosis (H+ wasting)
56
Q

Conn’s anesthetic considerations

A
57
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

excess cortisol

(Cushing’s disease is excess production of ACTH from anterior pituitary)

58
Q

Cushing’s syndrome clinical features

A
59
Q

Cushing’s syndrome anesthetic considerations

A
60
Q

Addison’s disease - what is it?

A
61
Q

adrenal insuficiency sxs

A
62
Q

acute adrenal crisis sxs

A

d/t adrenal insuficiancy with stressor like sepsis, surgery, infection, illness

63
Q

Bioequivalence prednisone with hydrocortisone

A

5mg prednisone = 20mg hydrocortisone

64
Q

who is at risk of adrenal supression and who should recieve stress dose

A
65
Q

what are the stress doses of hydrocostisone based on surgery type?

A
66
Q

what drugs cause adrenal supression?

A
  • etomidate - 8 hrs of supression after a single dose (inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase)
  • ketoconazole (nizoral) - inhibits cortisol synthesis
67
Q

what hoemones are produes by th epancreas and what cells produce them

A
68
Q

insulin elimination

A

by th eliver and the kidneys

t1/2 5 min

69
Q

drugs that increase the serum glucose (aka can’t mask hypoglycemia intra-op)

A

hydrochlorothiazide

metolazone

indapamide

70
Q

graves disease labs and sxs

A

most common hyperthyroidism - autoimmune dx - caused by TSH receptor antibodies stimuklating the thyroid to produce hormones

71
Q

what stimultaes growth hormone secretion ?

A
72
Q

Addison’s disease causes

A

(low cortisol levels)

73
Q

somatotropin effects

A

aka growth hormone

74
Q

max glucose reabsorption in the kideneys

A

180 mg/dl

** Board Exam ** (22 decks)

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