Endocrine Flashcards
Anatomy
Cutting open; the study of structures
Gross vs. Microscopic Anatomy
Gross:
Microscopic:
Cytology:
Histology:
Physiology
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Direct Communication
Goes through:
Mediators:
Paracrine Communication
Goes through:
Mediators:
Endocrine Communication
Goes through:
Mediators:
Synaptic (nervous) communication
Goes through:
Mediators:
Hormone Greek Definition?
NE
Nervous System vs. Endocrine System
Nervous System Endocrine System
faster action (
Endocrine
chemicals released onto blood or circulatory system.
Exocrine
onto epithelial surface or digestive tract
Paracrine
onto local tissues.
Target Cells
Specific cells, possess receptors that are needed to bind and read hormonal messages
Hormones
Produced by: endocrine cells
Transported by: blood circulation
*Stimulate or inhibit synthesis of enzymes or structural proteins
Turn the enzyme/ membrane channel ON or OFF
Hypothalamus
Produces ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones
Pituitary Gland
Anterior Lobe: ACTH, TSH GH, PRL, FSH, LH, &
MSH
Posterior Lobe: Release of oxytocin and ADH
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
Parathyroid Glands
located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Thyroid Gland
Thyroxine (t4)
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin (CT)
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Medulla:
- epinephrine (E)
-norepi (NE)
Adrenal Cortex:
- cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgensPancreas (Pancreatic Islets)
Insulin, glucagon
Heart
Secretes natriuretic peptides
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Thymus
Undergoes atrophy during adulthood.
Secretes thymosins
Adipose Tissue
Secretes leptin
Digestive Tract
Secretes numerous hormones involved in the coordination of system functions, glucose metabolism, and appetite
Kidneys
Secrete erythropoietin (EPO) and calcitrol
Gonads
Testes(male)
- androgens (especially testosterone), inhibin
Ovaries (female)
- estrogen, progestins, inhibin
