Endocrine

Question 1

2-hr PC or postprandial blood sugar

Answer 1

Measures blood sugar following a meal.

The blood is drawn 2hrs after beginning of the meal

Question 2

Oral glucose tolerance test OGTT

Answer 2

For preggers

Question 3

Glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c, assay)

Answer 3

Gives an average of what the hemoglobin has been in 3 month period.
To evaluate long term effectiveness of diabetes therapy.
May be used to validate accur of SBGM

Question 4

HgbA1c results

Answer 4

Good control- 8%

Question 5

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Answer 5

Fasting blood sugar levels 126mg/Dl or more or random plasma glucose levels exceeding 200mg /Dl

Question 6

signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

Answer 6

1. POLYURIA-pee a lot
2. POLYDIPSIA-drink a lot
3. POLYPHAGIA-eat a lot
4. fatigue
5. weakness
6. sudden vison changes
7. ketoacidosis-ketons in your pee
8. weight loss
9. hyperglycimia

Question 7

nursing care for DM

Answer 7

1. control the blood sugar
2. prevention/ or decrease the effects of long term complications.
   * *even with the best control of BS levels, complications still occur but will be less severe**

Question 8

ADA diet break down

Answer 8

CTTO-60%
PROTEIN-20%
FAT-20%

Question 9

food guide for type 2 diabetic patients

Answer 9

• messure or weigh food
• hight and weight should be considered
• occupation and activity level is improved and to adjust to caloric intake
• avoid high sugar foods (cakes and cookies)
• eating whole fruits instead of drinking juices
• order foods in restaurants carefully
• omit or limit alcohol
• read food labels (be careful of food that says health food)

Question 10

insulin: 2 major functions

Answer 10

promotes the transport of glucose into the cell

inhibits the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Question 11

rapid acting insulin

Answer 11

Humalog/Novolog
action time 5-15mins
peak: 30-1:30mins
give when the patient has a tray of food!

Question 12

Short acting insulin

Answer 12

Humalin/Novolin
CLEAR
administered 20-30mins ac meal
Peak:2-3hrs

Question 13

intermediate acting insulin

Answer 13

Humalin NPH/Novolin NPH
WHITE&CLOUDY
patient should eat food around the peak of the med.
Peak: 6-10hrs.

Question 14

peakless insulin

Answer 14

Lantus/Levemir
long acting insulin is released with in 24hrs and given once a day.
*has to be given at the same time everyday and CAN NOT be mixed
Peak: N/A

Question 15

biguanides

Answer 15

examples: Metformin, Glucophage
acts by decreasing the hepatic production of glucose and reducing insulin resistance.
*stop 48hrs before after contrast dye or surgery could cause acute renal failure.