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endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of hyperpituitarism

A

adenoma in anterior lobe

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2
Q

unifrm polygonal cells arrayed in sheets or cords.

A

pituitary adenoma

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3
Q

distinguish pituitary adenomas from parenchyma

A

cellular monomorphism absence of significant reticular network

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4
Q

most frequent type of hyper functioning pituitary adenoma

A

prolactinomas

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5
Q

pituitary stones

A

prolactinomas

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6
Q

second most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma

A

somatotroph adenoma

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7
Q

dx somatotroph adenoma

A

inc GH & IGF 1 despite glucose oral load

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8
Q

develop n pt after surgical removal of adrenal glands for tx if cusings

A

nelson syndrme

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9
Q

causes of hypotpituitarism

A

non func ituitary adenoma
sheehan syd
pituitary apoplexy
empty sella syndrome

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10
Q

MEN 1

A

pituitray adenoma
hyperparatthyroidism
pancreatic tumor

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11
Q

assoc wt MEN 1

A

nonfunctioning pituitary adnoma

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12
Q

loss of trophic hormones
enlarged sella turcica with clinoid process erosions
bitemporal hemianopsia

A

nf pituitary adenoma

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13
Q

postpartum necrosis of ant pituitary

A

sheehan syndrome

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14
Q

ant pit enlarged without inc in blood supply

A

sheehan syndrome

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15
Q

sudden haemorrhage into the pituitary gland often into a pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary apoplexy

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16
Q

triad pituitary apoplexy

A

headache, diplopia, hypopituitarsism

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17
Q

excessive urination due to inability of the kidney to resorb water

A

DI

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18
Q

drugs causes NDU

A

lithium, demeclocycline

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19
Q

metastatic calcification of the collecting tubule basement membrane

A

nephrocalcinosis-NDI

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20
Q

CDI test

A

in > 50% from baseline

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21
Q

NDI test

A
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22
Q

CDi treatment

A

desmopressin

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23
Q

NDI tx

A

thiazide/ indomethacin

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24
Q

ADH excess resluting to hyponatremia

A

SIADH

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25
Q

most common cause of SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma

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26
Q

sx SIADH

A

cerebral edema, hyponatremia

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27
Q

most common cause of hypopituitarism in children

A

craniophatryngioma

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28
Q

craniophatryngioma derived from

A

Rathkes pouch

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29
Q

craniophatryngioma mutation

A

WNT signaling pathway

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30
Q

craniophatryngioma: dystrophic calcification spongy reiticulum, wet keratin lamellae, peripheral palisading

A

adamantinomas craniophatryngioma

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31
Q

craniophatryngioma: adult, lack keratin, calcifications, cysts

A

papillary

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32
Q

hypothyroidism in infancy

A

cretinism

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33
Q

aka myxedema

A

gull dses

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34
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

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35
Q

hashimoto thyroiditis assoc with

A

CTL4 polymorphisms

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36
Q

hashimoto thyroiditisantibodies

A

antithyroglobulin, anti TPO

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37
Q

atrophic thyroid floociles lined with hurtle cells

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

38
Q

de quervain thyroiditis

A

subacute thyroiditis

39
Q

trig erred by viral infection

A

subacute thyroiditis

40
Q

most common cause of painful thyroid gland

A

subacute thyroiditis

41
Q

chronic inflammatory infiltrate with multinucleate giant cells

A

subacute thyroiditis

42
Q

painless thyroiditis

A

lymphocytic thyroiditis

43
Q

lymphocytic infiltration wt hyperplastic germinal layers

A

lymphocytic thyroiditis

44
Q

fibrous tissue replacement of thyroid

A

reidel thyroiditis

45
Q

triad of Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopthy, dermopathy

46
Q

enlarging of entire gland without producing nodularity

A

diffuse nontoxic goiter

47
Q

geographic areas wt low level of iodine

A

diffuse nontoxic goiter

48
Q

diffuse nontoxic goiter: stimulated follicular epithelium involutes to frm an enlarged, colloid rich gland

A

diffuse nontoxic goiter (Colloid)

49
Q

most extreme thyroid enlargements

A

multinodular goiter

50
Q

distinguish diffuse nontoxic goiter and follicular Ca

A

no capsule bet hyperplastic nodules and residual copressed thyorid

51
Q

diffuse nontoxic goiter: autonomous nodule produce hyperthyroidism

A

plummer syndrome

52
Q

solitary mass from follicular epithelium

A

thyroid adenma

53
Q

follicular adenoma with oxyphilia

A

hurtle cell adenoma

54
Q

most common primary thyroid Ca in adults and children

A

papillary TC

55
Q

assoc with radiation exposure

A

papillary TC

56
Q

psamomma bodies

A

papillary TC

57
Q

orphan annie

A

papillary TC

58
Q

most common TC presenting as solitary cold nodule

A

follicuar TC

59
Q

neoplastic follicles invade BV

A

follicuar TC

60
Q

Hurthle cell carcinoma

A

follicuar TC

61
Q

undifferentiated tumours of the thyroid follicular epithelium

A

follicuar TC

62
Q

nnueroendocrine neoplasm derived from parafollicular cells or C cells

A

medullary tyroid

63
Q

produce calcitonin

A

follicuar TC

64
Q

chief cell hyperplasia. abundant water clear cells

A

primary hyperplasia of parathyroid

65
Q

end organ resistance to PTH

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

66
Q

hypoca, hyperphos, enc PTH

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

67
Q

leukocytic infiltrates in insulin

A

type 1 DM

68
Q

glomerular lesions
renal vascuar lesions
pyelonephritis

A

diabetic nephropathy

69
Q

kimmelsyeil wison nodules

A

DM

70
Q

accumulation of sorbitol and AGEs

A

DM retinopathy

71
Q

most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasm

A

insulinoma

72
Q

whipple triad of Insulinoma

A

hypogly
low plasma glucose
relief of hypo when glucose is raised to Normal

73
Q

solitary tumor composed of giant islet cells and amyloid deposits

A

insulinoma

74
Q

nesidioblastosis

A

insulinoma

75
Q

zollinger ellison syndrome

A

gastrinoma

76
Q

malignant islet cells that secrete gastrin

A

zollinger ellison syndrome

77
Q

locally invasive, marked anaplasia, peptic ulcer and unresponsive tot herapy

A

zollinger ellison syndrome

78
Q

inc level of glucagon, mild DM, characteristic skin rash (necrolytic migratory erythema) and anemia

A

glucagonomas

79
Q

caused by any condition that produce elevated glucocorticoid leves

A

hypercorticolism

80
Q

crooke hyaline change in pituitary gland

A

cushing syndrome

81
Q

diffuse hyperplasia of adrenal gland

A

ACTH dependent cushing syndrome

82
Q

nodule in adrenal gland

A

ACTH independent

83
Q

decreased renin angiotensin system and dec renin plasma act

A

1 hyperaldsteronism

84
Q

causes of 2 hyperaldosterism

A

dec renal perfusion, arterial hypovolemia and edeema, pregnancy

85
Q

spironolactone bodies

A

aldeosterone producing adenoma

86
Q

most common enzyme deficiency in CAH

A

21 OH def

87
Q

sx of 21 OH def

A

ambiguous genitalia
precocious puberty in males
hyptension

88
Q

massive adrenal hemorrhage

A

wasterhaise Friedrichsen syndrome in meningococcemia

89
Q

causes of primary adrenocortical insuf

A

rapid withdrawal of steroids

90
Q

s/sx of adds ion doesn’t occur unless

A

> 90% is destroyed

91
Q

most common cause of adds ions dsw

A

autoimmune dse

92
Q

irregulary shrunken gland wt variable lymphoid infiltrate

A

addsiosns dse

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