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Histo block 4 > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

origin of adenohypophysis

A

ectoderm, Rathke’s pouch

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2
Q

5 general cell types of pars distalis

A

acidophils- somatotrophs (GH), lactotrophes (PRL)

basophils- corticotropes (ACTH), gonadotropes (FSH,LH), thyrotropes (TSH)

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3
Q

most numerous type of cell in ant pituitary

A

somatotropes

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4
Q

acidophils in ant pituitary

A

somatotropes and lactotropes

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5
Q

basophils in ant pituitary

A

corticotropes, gonadotropes, thyrotropes

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6
Q

cells types in pars intermedia

A

basophils, chromophobes, colloid cysts

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7
Q

what do the colloid cysts in the pars intermedia represent?

A

remnants of Rathke’s pouch

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8
Q

origin of neurohyophysis

A

neuroectoderm, 3rd ventricle

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9
Q

herring bodies

A

expanded terminal regions of neurosecretory axons in posterior pituitary

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10
Q

describe the axons in the posterior pituitary

A

non-myelinated axons ending in neurosecretary neurons near fenestrated capillaries

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11
Q

secretions of the posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

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12
Q

what is contained in the infundibulum?

A

hypothalamohypophyseal tracts

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13
Q

describe thyroid follicles

A

borders formed by simple cuboidal to low columnar cells, interior with colloid

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14
Q

describe thyroid colloid

A

gel-like, contacts apical aspect of follicular cells, contains thyroglobulin

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15
Q

what is thyroglobulin?

A

iodinated glycoprotein that is the storage form of thyroid hornomes

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16
Q

what indicates increased activity of thyroid follicles?

A

increased height of follicular cells, stimulated by TSH

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17
Q

what do follicular cells produce?

A

T3, T4

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18
Q

describe parafollicular cells

A

“C cells”, pale-staining, not in contact with colloid, secrete calcitonin

19
Q

actions of calcitonin

A

lower serum Ca by decreasing osteoclast activity, promoting Ca deposition in bones, regulated directly by serum Ca levels

20
Q

consequence of aging on parathyroid gland

A

increased adipose tissue with age

21
Q

describe chief (principle) parathyroid cells

A

secrete PTH

acidophilic, central nuclei

22
Q

actions of PTH

A

increase serum Ca, decreased serum phosphate

23
Q

describe oxyphil cells

A

also in parathyroid, larger/round

24
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

outermost, oval clusters of columnar cells, secrete mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

25
Q

zona fasiculata

A

middle, largest amount of cortical volume, long cords of polyhedral cells, secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol)

26
Q

zona reticularis

A

innermost, smaller cells, secrete weak androgens (DHEA)

27
Q

origins of adrenal medulla

A

neural crest cells

28
Q

chromatin cells

A

large, pale cells in ovoid clusters

modified neurons that lack axons

29
Q

describe the central adrenomedullary vein

A

longitudinally oriented tunica media that provides synchronous contractions to “wring” medulla contents into circulation

30
Q

hormones responsible for fight or flight

A

catecholamines and glucocorticoids

31
Q

where are islets of langerhans more numerous?

A

tail of pancreas

32
Q

three cell types in islets

A

alpha- glucagon
beta- insulin
delta- somatostatin

33
Q

pineal gland origin

A

neuroectoderm

34
Q

what signals the photosensitive organ of the pineal gland?

A

retinohypothalamic tract

35
Q

what inhibits melatonin synthesis?

A

light

36
Q

corpora arenacea

A

“brain sand”, calcified concretions of the pineal gland, can be used to orient when imaging

37
Q

describe pinealocytes

A

large nucleus (coffee bean), 1+ nuclei

38
Q

glial cells of pineal gland

A

small, dense nuclei

39
Q

regulatory hormones from hypothalamus

A 
GHRH
somatostatin
dopamine
CRH
gnRH
TRH
40
Q

action of dopamine on anterior pituitary

A

inhibits prolactin

41
Q

actions of TRH

A

stimulates TSH and PRL

42
Q

actions of CRH

A

stimulate ACTH and POMC

43
Q

actions of somatostatin

A

inhibit GH and insulin

Histo block 4 (4 decks)

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