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PhyAna Lec Seeley's > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

These are the functions of endocrine system

A 
Growth, metabolism, and tissue maturation
Blood Glucose
Water Balance
Ion Concentration
Heart rate and blood pressure
Immune function
Uterine contractions and milk release
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2
Q

Molecules released from one location that move to another location to produce a response

A

Chemical signals

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3
Q

Secreted by cells in a local area
Influences the activity of the same cell type from w/c it was secreted

ex. Eicosanoids

A

Autocrine

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4
Q

Produced by a wide variety of tissues and secreted into tissue spaces
Localized effect on other tissues

ex. Somatostatin histamine, Eicosanoids

A

Paracrine

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5
Q

Secreted into the blood by specialized cells
Travels some distance to target tissues
Influences specific activities

ex. Thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin, epinephrine, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

A

Hormone

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6
Q

Produced by neurons and functions as a hormone

ex. Oxytocin, antidieuretic, hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting

A

Neurohormone

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7
Q

Produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve terminals
Travels short distances
Influences postsynaptic cells

ex. Acetylcholine, Epinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Secreted into the environment
Modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals of the same species

ex. Released by humans and many other animals

A

Pheromone

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9
Q

hallu

A

hallu

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10
Q

Secrete their products into ducts which exit the glands and carry the secretory products to an external/int. surface such as skin or digestive tract.

A

Exocrine Gland

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11
Q

Hormone in this category bind to membrane-bound receptors

A

Water-soluble Hormones

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12
Q

The portion of each receptor molecule where a hormone binds

A

Receptor Site

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13
Q

What are the hormones in ANTERIOR Pituitary Gland?

A 
Growth Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)
Luteinizing (LH)
Follicle-stimulating (FSH)
Prolactin
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14
Q

Target Tissue: Ovary and Testis

Promotes ovulation and progesterone & promotes testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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15
Q

Target Tissue: Thyroid Gland

Increases thyroid hormone secretion

A

Thyroid-stimulating

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16
Q

Target Tissue: Adrenal Cortex
Increases secretion in glucocorticoid hormones
Increases skin pigmentation

A

Adrenocorticotropic

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17
Q

Target Tissue: Ovary and mammary gland & testis
Stimulates milk production and prolongs progesterone secretion
Increases sensitivity to LH in males

A

Prolactin

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18
Q

Target Tissue: Melanocytes in skin

Increases melanin production in melanocytes to make skin darker in color

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

Target Tissue: Follicle in ovary & Seminiferous tubules in males
Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary
Promotes sperm cell production

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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20
Q

Target Tissue: Most tissues
Increases gene experession, breakdown of lipids
Release fatty acids
Increase blood glucose levels

A

Growth Hormone

21
Q

Target Tissue: Kidney

Conserves water

A

Antidieuretic hormone (ADH) (Posterior)

22
Q

Target Tissue: Uterus & Mammary gland
Increases uterine contractions
Increases milk letdown from mammary gland

A

Oxytocin (Posterior)

23
Q

Target Tissue: Primarily bone
Decreases rate of bone breakdown
Prevents large increase in blood Ca2+ levelsx

A

Calcitonin

24
Q

Target Tissue: Most cells of the body
Increases metabolic rates
Essential for normal process of growth and maturation

A

Thyroid hormones

25
Q

What are the hormones in thyroid gland?

A

TH

Calcitonin

26
Q

Target Tissue: Bone, kidney
Increases bone breakdown
Maintenance of normal blood calcium levels

A

Parathyroid H

27
Q

Target Tissue: Heart, blood vessels, liver, fat cells
Increases cardiac output
Prepares body for physical activity

A

Epinephrine and some norepinephrine (ADRENAL MEDULLA)

28
Q

Target Tissue: Kidneys, sweat glands
Increase rate of Na transport into the body
Increase K excretion
Water retention

A

Mineralocorticoids (ADRENAL CORTEX) (1st Class)

29
Q 
Target Tissue: Most tissues
Increase fat and protein breakdown
Increase glucose synthesis
Increase blood nutrient levels
Inhibit inflammation and immune response
A

Glucocorticoids (ADRENAL MEDULLA) (2nd class)

30
Q

Target Tissue: Most tissues
Insignificant in males
Increase female sexual drive ‘
Growth of pubic hair and axillary hair

A

Adrenal Androgens (ADRENAL MEDULLA) (3rd class)

31
Q

Target Tissue: Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue

Increases uptake and use of glucose and amino acids

A

Insulin (PANCREAS)

32
Q

Target Tissue: Primarily liver

Increases breakdown of glycogen and release glucose into the circulatory system

A

Glucagon (PANCREAS)

33
Q

Target Tissue: Most Tissues
Aids in sperm cell prod.
Maintenance of functional reproductive organs
Sexual behavior

A

Testosterone (TESTES; REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS)

34
Q

Target Tissue: Most tissues
Aid in uterine and mammary gland development
External genitalia structure
Mestrual cycle

A

Estrogens, progesterone (OVARIES; REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS)

35
Q

Target Tissue: Most tissues
Mediate inflammatory responses
Inc uterine contractions and ovulation

A

Prostaglandins (UTERUS, OVARIES, INFLAMED TISSUES; REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS)

36
Q

Target Tissue: Immune tissues

Promotes immune system development and function

A

Thymosin (THYMUS)

37
Q

Target Tissue: Hypothalamus
Inhibits secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Inhibiting reproduction

A

Melatonin (PINEAL GLAND)

38
Q

hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors on the cells of the gonads (ovaries and testes)

A

Gonadotropins

39
Q

A lack of thyroid hormones is called HYPOTHYROIDISM. In infants, it can result to ________, characterized by mental retardation, short stature, abnormally formed skeletal structure

A

Cretinism

40
Q

It is the accumulation of fluid and other molecules in the subcutaneous tissue

A

Myxedema

41
Q

Contains for iodine atoms (T4)

A

Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine

42
Q

2 iodine atoms (T3)

A

Triidothyronine

43
Q

Major hormones of mineralcorticoids

Causes Na and H2O to be retained in the body and increases the rate at which K are eliminated

A

Aldosterone

44
Q

Low blood pressure causes the release of a protein molecule called _______

A

Renin

45
Q

Renin which acts a enzyme causes a blood protein called

A

Angiotensinogen

46
Q

The endocrine part of the pancreas consist of __________

This secretes- insulin and glucagon - which help regulate the blood levels of nutrients esp glucose

A

Pancreatic Islets

47
Q

Cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon

A

Alpha Cells

48
Q

Secrete insulin

A

Beta Cells

49
Q

The thymus secretes a hormone called _______
Which enhances the function of the immune system
Which aids development of WBC called T cells

A

Thymosin

PhyAna Lec Seeley's (1 decks)

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