Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology - Diuretics > Endocrine 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid

A

involves in hypothalamus
Anterior pituatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Goitre, weight gain, cold intolerance, myxedema

Could be a problem with thyroid or hypotholamus

TSH (Important diagnostic feature)
primary high and secondary Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thyroid drugs

A

Levothyroxine - T4
Liothyronine - T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Levothyroxine ( cost effective )

A

Oral 50- 100u/day
Half life by binding into TBG
It is a prodrug
T4 converted to T3 in the cell to act on a nuclear receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Liothyronine

A

Intravenous injection
It is an emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thyroid hormone receptor, how does thyroxine work?

A

thyroxine does not work on cytoplasm or in cell membrane but it works only in nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Levothyroxine ( Pharmacological effects)

A

Increased O2 consumption and heat production

inc cardiac muscle contracitility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse effects of hypo drugs are

A

diarrhoea, sweating, nervousness, tachycardia, increased appettite, loss of weight

also leads to hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Exoptholamus
Weight loss
Heat intolerance
CVS ?

TSH

Primary
Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thyroid hormone : Synthesis

A

Thyroperoxise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inhibitors of thyroperoxidase

A

Mechanism : Competitive inhibitors for substrate binding site on thyroperoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbimazole

A

oral prodrug , rapid inhibition of enzyme (12hr).

Effect takes between 2-4 weeks ( depletion of thyroid and plasma stores of T4 required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Reduces the deiodination of t4 and t3 in the peripheral tissues that may work more quickly.

AD effects are Neutropenia and agranulocytosis

symptoms are sore throat, blood count , rash, headache, joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Important point to remember

A

hyper and hypo both can be treated by throxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Permissive Hormone Action

A

T3 and the heart ( B adrenoreceptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypothalamic pituatory axis

A

Adrenals (CRH AND ACTH) ADRENAL CORTEX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adrenaline Medulla

A

blood vessels, heart, bronchial smooth muscle

Epinephrine
Cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis - angioedema- acute hypersensitivity(epipen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glucocorticoid - cortisol
Mineralocorticoid - aldosterone

A

5 major steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Replacement therapy

A

Adrenal Cortex

Cortisol (glucocorticoid + weak mineralocoticoid)

Aldosterone (mineralocotticoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Addison’s Disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glucocorticoids : Anti-inflammatory effect

A

Immunosuppression

Mediator effect - decreased expression , COX-2, IL-1 to IL-8, TNF alpha, complement, NO and histamine, IgG.

22
Q

Glucocoticoid Drugs

A

Hydrocortisone is cortisol

Cortisone is a prodrug which is converted to hydrocortisone.

Therefore, hydrocortisone preffered to cotisone.

The ration is 1/1

23
Q

Glucocorticoids in Asthma

A

Step 2 Inhaler (fluticasolone)
Step 5 Oral (prednisolone)

24
Q

Glucocorticoids therapeutic use

A

Skin
Lung
GI
Musculoskeletal
Eye
CNS
Renal
Infectious Diseases
Haematology
Malignant

25
Q

Glucocorticoids adverse effects

A

diabetes
osteoporosis
muscle wasting
peptic ulcer
cushing syndrome moon face
straie
acne

26
Q

Adrenal suppression - withdrawal

A

Abrupt withdrawal

Acute adrenal insufficiency leads to hypotention, death possible.

Fever, weight loss, inflammation .

If corticosteroid is given for more than 3 weeks, treatment should not be stopped abruptly.

Magnitude or speed withdrawal

It is slower when down to physiological dose ( prednisolone 7.5mg daily)

27
Q

Corticosteriods and covid

A

DEXAMETHASONE reduced all the causes of mortillity at 28days compared with usual care alone

offer dexamethasone or hydrocortisone to people with severe

28
Q

Gonadotrophins and Posterior pituatory

A
29
Q

Gonads

A

Combined oral contraceptives

inhibit ovulation - the combination of an oestrogen and a progestin is the most potent method known to supress GnRH, FSH and LH to release inhibiting follicular development and thereby preventing ovulation

30
Q

HPA - Posterior pituatory

A

oxytocin ADH

31
Q

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Diabetes insipidus

Vasopressin (Water retention )
1. Desmopressin (V2) ORAL AND NASAL spray

  1. Carbamizole (Anti-epileptic)
  2. Thiazides (diuretic)

Vasoconstriction (V1)
terlipressin - variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertention

felypressin - added to local anaesthetic injection

32
Q

Syndrome of Inappriate ADH secretion

A

Hyponatremia (more than 134mEq)
headache
vomiting
confusion

33
Q

Summary

A
  1. thyroid hormones
  2. Adrenal Steroids (Glucocorticoids)
  3. Hypothalamic/pituatory axis (HPA)
  4. Posterior Pituatory (Oxytocin, ADH)
34
Q

Kahoot quiz followed by

A
35
Q

A patient with supraventricular tachycardia is prescribed a dose of verapamil 120mg to be taken 3 times a day .

How many tablets should be taken at each dose ?

A

120/3 = 40

36
Q

Anterior pituItory hormone ?

A

ACTH

37
Q

Posterior pituitory hormone?

A

antidieuretic hormone

38
Q

Which drug would be the most effective in the maintanence therapy of hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

39
Q

why does it take 1-2 weeks for carbamizole to reduce thyroxine levels in hyperthyroid disease?

A

Depletion of thyroxine stores

40
Q

which drug would be the most effective at treating cardiac arrythmias due to hyperthyroidism?

A

proponolol

41
Q

Most likely drug to contributing to these symptoms?

26 yrs old woman presents to her GP with tachycardia, weight loss and night time walking in a stressful state. Her medication list is shown bleow?

A

Levothyroxine

42
Q

First test to check for patients with a sore throat on carbimazole?

A 44 year old female patient is prescribed carbimazole by her GP as a part of a block and replacement regimen for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Gp advised her to report any sore throat immediately.

A

Neutrophil count

43
Q

Select the most appropriate treatment option,

29 years old with hasimotos thyroiditis has increasing anxiety, difficulty in sleeping and loose stools culture negative. Together with levothyroxine 200mcg daily. She is prescribed lopermide and lorazepem. Her next thyroid function test gives a TSH

A

Decrease the dose of thyroxine to 150 mcg daily

44
Q

Which drug is an oral steroid used to treat severe forms of asthma and exacerbations of COPD?

A

Prednisolone

45
Q

Select the most appropriate peice of information to communicate to the patient

A

An 80 year old woman presents to her GP with general lethargy and pain around her shpoulders and pelvis. Her ESR is elevated at 70mm/hr and she struggle to lift her arms over head. A diagnosis of polymyalgia

46
Q

Select the most appropriate piece of information to communicate to the patient

A

Bisphosphonate should be added to reduce osteoporosis risk

47
Q

select the most appropriate information to communicate to the patient

A 25 years old male is seen for follow up of his ulcerative collitis for which he takes mesalazine. He has now complained of increasing stool frequency with occasional blood and mucus. It is felt he is having a midl flare of his colitis and is commenced on oral prednisolone 30mg once daily

A

never stop prolonged courses of steroids suddenly

48
Q

What is the major target site of action for the combined oral contraceptive?

A

hypothalamus

49
Q

which drug mechanism might be useful in the prevention of premature labour ?

A

oxytocin antagonist

50
Q

what volume of midazolam solution should be administered answer in millilitres?

An 8 month old boy weighing 9kg requires a dose of midazolam 2.5mg to be administered bucally for febrile convulsions. Buccal midazolam liquid is available

A

25ml

Pharmacology - Diuretics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions