Endocrine Flashcards
Pituitary apaplexy is associated with presence of what in dogs?
Intrasellar or suprasellar pituitary mass with acute intratumoral haemorrhage
Dogs with severe muscle stiffness and hyperadrenocorticism typically have which form of HAC? What response is seen to trilostane or mitotane?
PDH, no response to treatment
Rat terriers with congenital hypothyroidism have regional CNS hypomyelination due to mutation in which gene?
Thyroid peroxidase gene
Levels of which pituitary hormone can correlate with clinical signs of nausea?
AVP
Nesidioblastosis refers to what?
Beta cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia - excess glucose utilisation due to hyperinsulinism
automated chemistry analysers assessing glucose by the hexokinase assay rely on stectrophotomeetric quantification of which analyte?
NADH - is directly correlated to amount of glucose in a sample (glucose-6-phosphate which is formed from glucose + ATP by hexokinase is oxidised by NAD in reaction catalysed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce NADH)
why do human portable BG monitors have a tendency to underestimate dog/ cat BG conc?
Meters use formula that calculates glucose concentration as if derived from the plasma and not from capillary whole blood to facilitate comparisons with lab measurements, however whereas human RBCs have 50% glucose, dogs = 12.5% and cats 7%, therefore methodology tends to underestimate BG in veterinary species (alpha trek is plasma calibrated to account for differences in glucose distribution in whole blood in dogs and cats)
what are the functions of the cells of the endocrine pancreas islets of langerhans? How do levels of the different hormones secreted impact each other?
alpha cells - glucagon, beta cells (60% total islet cells) - insulin , amylin, delta cells- somatostatin, PP cells- pancreatic polypeptide
Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion, amylin inhibits insulin secretion, somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
Measurement of what would theoretically aid tracking of endogenous insulin levels?
C peptide
What effects does hypothyroidism have on adipokines?
lower visfatin and betatrophi
which ultra-long acting insulin shows promise for feline diabetes?
AKS-267c
Which reneal biomarker may decrease after RAI treatment in hyperthyroid cats despite a decrease in GFR?
SDMA
Which cohort of addisonian dogs may require higher DOCP doses?
young and growing
In cats with hypoglycaemia, FSL may overestimate blood glucose below what cut off?
<60mg/dL or 3.3 mmol/L (FSL under-estimates BG for less severe hypoglycaemia)
Which test differentiates thyroid dysmorphrogenesis from dyshormonogenesis in cats with congenital hypothyroidism?
high uptake of technetium perchlorate but abnormally low uptake of radioiodine
Which hormone decreases after successful treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with diet in MS?
insulin
What calcium disturbances occur in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism?
hyperphosphataemia, increased calciuresis, lower FGF-23 and 25OHD.
what proportion of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism have systemic hypertension?
71%
What is the median time to normoglycemia in cats with DKA treated with lispro insulin?
7 hours
What is the sensitivity and specificity of lymphocyte count >1.75x10^9/L for detection of glucocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism?
96.6% sensitive, 60.3% specific
Which endocrinopathy is significantly associated with CKD in cats?
Diabetes
What is the median effective DOCP dose for cats with primary hypoadrenocorticism?
2.3mg/kg (advise starting cats on 2.2mg/kg)
what is a common post-operative complication of thyroidectomy for thyroid tumours in dogs?
hypothyroidism (64% cases)
what features of insulinoma are associated with poorer survival?
presence of metastasis and medical rather than surgical management
which biochemical parameters can indicate control in cushingoid dogs
haptoglobin, ALT and GGT
Which antifungal treatment may result in iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism?
ketoconazole
Which ECG features are commonly seen in hypothyroid dogs?
decreased p and r wave amplitude
what factors impact survival in dogs with pituitary masses treated with radiotherapy?
definitive intent RT and higher Gy dose
muscle mass improves in what percetage of cats after successful RAI treatment of hyperthyroidism?
88% had improvement in epaxial mm height
what is the median time to discontinuation of insulin in cats entering remission after hypophysectomy for HST/
9 days (range 2-120)
What effect may concurrent administration of desmopressin have to dogs receiving prednisolone?
decreases in water intake and increases in USG (also hypona - desmopressin related?)
in the absence of ability to measure ionised calcium, what is the specificity of predicted ionised calcium for hypercalcaemia?
81.60%
urinary excretion of which neurohormone is higher in dogs with PDH than SARDS?
urine 6-sulatoxymelatonin (MTS6):creatinine ratio
Which formulation of trilostane is associated with marked underdosing?
trilostane packets (Korea)
which biochemical stress marker is altered in cats with chronic literbox issues?
hair and nail cortisol
which hemostatic markers are altered in hyperthyroid cats?
AT, fibrinogen and vWF antigen
what is 3 year survival of cats having hypophysectomy?
56% (Utrecht paper)
which medication may be of use as part of a suppression test for feline hyperaldosteronism?
telmisartan
which calcium metabolism marker is abnormal in dogs with histoplasma, and what biochemical markers does it correlate with?
25OHD is low, negatively correlates with globulin and CRP and positively with albumin.
