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NURS 470 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system jobs

A

cellular metabolism
growth
fluid and electrolyte balance
adaptations to physical and emotional stressors
utilization of nutrition
reproduction
immune responses

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2
Q

nervous system hormonal feedback in stress

A

limbic (emotion, memory, learning, sex)
catecholamine fight or flight

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3
Q

endocrine hormonal feedback in stress

A

corticotropin releasing hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
cortisol and aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone

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4
Q

immune hormonal feedback in stress

A

lymphocytes and eosinophils
allergic response

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5
Q

the role of ACTH and cortisol in stress

A

pituitary releases ACTH in response to stress -> ACTH travels to adrenals -> adrenals release cortisol -> cortisol causes insulin resistance -> hyperglycemia and increased glucose secretion -> increase in serum sodium and water retention

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6
Q

hormones released by pituitary

A

anterior: ACTH, GH, MSH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin
posterior: oxytocin, ADH

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7
Q

what does a high TSH represent

A

low T3 and T4

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8
Q

thyroid

A

hypothalamus releases TRH in response to low T3/T4 levels -> stimulates anterior pituitary -> TSH is sent from pituitary to thyroid gland -> release of T3 and T4

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9
Q

hyperthryoidism

A

low TSH
high T3, T4

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10
Q

hyperthyroidism symptoms

A

weight loss/weakness
nervous and irritability
hot
diarrhea
tremors
tachycardia/tachypnea
high blood pressure
amenorrhea
elevated calcitonin

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11
Q

thyroidtoxicosis/thyroid storm causes

A

infection
tumor
thyroidectomy
that releases large amounts of T3 and T4

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12
Q

thyroidtoxicosis/thyroid storm manifestations

A

severe agitation
tachycardia with arrythmia
HTN
hyperthermia

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13
Q

thyroidtoxicosis/thyroid storm treatment

A

beta blockers
cooling blankets
Ativan
Thionamides to kill bad

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14
Q

thyroidtoxicosis/thyroid storm labs and diagnostics

A

cardiac
liver
thryoid
EKG

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15
Q

hypothyroidism

A

high TSH
low T3, T4

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16
Q

hypothyroidism symptoms

A

weight gain
bradycardia/hypotension
constipation
fatigue
decreased reflexes
cold
dull mentation
hypoglycemia

17
Q

what med is given for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

18
Q

parathyroid

A

secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to stimulate osteoclasts to breakdown bone and increase serum calcium levels
PTH works with vitamin D to mobilize calcium

19
Q

result of hyperparathyroidism

A

high calcium
low vitamin D

20
Q

result of hypoparathyroidism

A

low calcium
low vitamin D
prolonged QT interval

21
Q

adrenal glands

A

cortex: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid
medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine

22
Q

addison disease/adrenal insufficiency

A

immune system attacks the adrenal cortex resulting in destruction of 90% or more of the cortex
results in a depletion of cortisol and aldosterone

23
Q

addison disease/adrenal insufficiency labs

A

cortisol level
elevated ACTH level
elevation MSH

24
Q

addison disease/adrenal insufficiency treatment

A

IV therpay
dextrose
fludrocortisone (mineralocorticod)
hydrocortisone (glucocorticoid)

25
Q

cushings disease

A

caused by a pituitary adenoma which causes a hypersecretion of ACTH resulting in an excess of cortisol in the body
permanent condition
pituitary is the problem

26
Q

cushings syndrome

A

caused by exogenous sources, meds like prednisone
will ago away once exogenous cause is stopped

27
Q

cushing disease/syndrome charactersitcs

A

weakness/fatigue
hyperglycemia/hyponatremia
immunosuppression
abdominal stretch marks
muscle loss
fat build up behind neck
loss of hair
round swollen face (moon)
loss of menstrual cycle)
thin extremities
thin skin
bruises and petechiae
osteoporosis

28
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

neuroendocrine tumor in the medulla of the adrenal gland ->
results in hypersecretion of catecholamines: epi and norepi

29
Q

pheochromocytoma symptoms

A

HTN
irregular heart rate and rhythm
sweating

30
Q

pheochromocytoma treatment

A

alpha blockers
beta blockers
surgery to remove the tumor

31
Q

aging effects on the endocrine system

A

decrease in appetite and thirst
increases of cortisol
menopause: decrease in FSH, estrogen
decreased testosterone
increase of hyperparathyroid
decrease in growth hormone
insulin resistance

32
Q

aging effects on the endocrine system nursing considerations

A

nutrition and hydration
blood sugar control
decrease in bone density
hormone therapy increases risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer

NURS 470 (28 decks)

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