Endocrine Flashcards
Anterior pituitary secretes what hormones?
GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL
Posterior pituitary secretes which hormones?
ADH, OT
The thyroid gland secretes which hormones?
T3, T4, Calcitonin
The parathyroid gland secretes which hormones?
PTH
The adrenal cortex secretes which hormones?
Aldosterone, steroid hormones, androgens/estrogens, and glucocorticoids
the adrenal medulla secretes which hormones?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
The pancreas secretes which hormones?
Glucagon, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin
Is cortisol released via a positive or negative feedback system? Explain
Negative feedback. If there are enough circulating levels of cortisol, the anterior pit. reduces the released of ACTH (trickle effect down to release of cortisol)
Secretion of aldosterone is mostly stimulated by what precursor?
Angiotensin II
Hormone issue in dwarfism
Deficiency of growth hormone
Hormone issue in gigantism?
Excess production of GH before puberty
Hormone issue in acromegaly?
Adult or post puberty excess of growth hormone (GH)
Hormone issue in Pan Hypopituitarism?
Absence of 1 or more anterior pituitary hormones
Hormone issue in Diabetes insipidus?
Underproduction of ADH or secretion of ADH fails
Hormone issue in SIADH?
Overproduction of ADH
Hormone issue in Graves disease?
Hyperthyroidism caused by something outside the thyroid gland (Exact cause unknown)
Hormone issue in Thyroid storm?
Dramatic rise in thyroid hormone levels - FATAL!!
Hormone issue in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Action of TSH is blocked by antibodies in autoimmune pathways
Hormone issue in Cretinism
Enlarged thyroid, increased TSH levels, inadequate T3 and T4 levels, severe iodine deficiency
Hormone issue in myxedema coma?
Severe, life threatening form of hypothyroidism
Hormone issue in cushing syndrome?
Excess cortisol
Hormone issue in Conn syndrome?
Excess aldosterone
Hormone issue in Addisons dx?
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Hormone issue in pheochromocytome?
Tumor that secretes large amounts of catecholamines (epi/norepi)
Hormone issue in T1DM
Decreased insulin secretion due to destruction of beta cells
Hormone issue in T2DM
Insulin resistance, deficiency of pancreatic insulin secretion and/or insulin effect on target tissue
Hormone issue in HHNK
Insulin deficiency
Increased counter-regulatory or stress hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and GH)
Increased gluconeogenesis
Inadequate usage of produced glucose by tissues
Contrast the normal relationship of insulin to lipgenesis with the patho of DKA
Normally - Insulin stimulates lipogenesis (fat production) and inhibits lipolysis (stops fat catabolism).
With little insulin, like in DM, fat breakdown is increased and more fatty acids are delivered to liver. This leads to increased gluconeogenesis, which leads to hyperglycemia and ketone production, which leads to a drop in pH, which leads to metabolic acidosis and transient hyperK
