Endocrine Flashcards
The two endocrine structure in the endocrine system that are located in the head
Pituitary gland and the pineal gland
The five additional structures of the endocrine system and are situated in the neck
Thyroid gland 1
Parathyroid gland 4
___ is a small, oval structure attached to the undersurface of the brain by the stalk like ____
Pituitary gland
Infundibulum
The infundibulum pierces the ____ to reach the gland
Diaphragma sellae
The gland itself is well protected by virtue of its location in the ______ of the ______ of the sphenoid bone.
Hypophyseal fossa
Sella turcica
the hypophysis cerebri is often referred to as the?
Master endocrine gland
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland
Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
The anterior lobe is subdivided into the _____ and the ____ which may be separated by a cleft that is a remnant of an embryonic pouch
Pars anterior (sometimes called pars distalis)
Pars intermedia
A projection from the pars anterior, the _______ , extends up along the anterior and lateral surfaces of the pituitary stalk.
Pars tuberalis
Relation of pituitary gland:
Anterior: ?
Posterior:?
Superior:?
Inferior:?
Lateral:?
A - sphenoid sinus
P - dorsum sellae, basillar A. Pons
S - diaphragma sella has a central aperture that allows the passage of the infundibulum and separates the anterior lobe from the optic chiasma
I - Body of the sphenoid, with its sphenoid air sinuses
L - cavernous sinus and its contents.
Blood supply of the pituitary
Artery?
Vein?
A - Superior and inferior hypophyseal A, branches if ICA
V - intercavernous sinuses
The ________ influences the activities of many other endocrine glands.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is itself controlled by the ____
Hypothalamus
___ is a small cone-shaped body that projects posteriorly from the posterior end of the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
Pineal gland
The pineal consists essentially of groups of cells, the ___, supported by glial cells.
Pinealocytes
The pineal gland has a rich blood supply and is innervated by
Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers
Main function of pineal gland
Their actions are mainly inhibitory and either directly inhibit the production of hormones or indirectly inhibit the secretion of releasing factors by the hypothalamus.
What cell does the pineal gland secretes?
Pinealocytes
consists of right and left lobes connected by a narrow isthmus
Thyroid gland