Endocrine Flashcards
Prolactin output is under neural control, an increase in what neurotransmitter decreases prolactin release?
An increase in dopamine
What medication that is a DA (dopamine agonist) antagonist can cause hyperprolactinemia?
metoclopramide (Reglan)
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulates the release of what two hormones in the anterior pituitary gland?
FSH
LH
Name the hormones released by the post. pituitary and the hormones released by the anterior pituitary?
Post: oxytocin and ADH
Ant: FLAT PiG FSH LH ACTH TSH Prolactin Growth hormone
What disorder results if you produce too much ADH, and if you produce too little ADH?
Too much: SIADH
Too little: DI
What medication can cause SIADH and what medication can treat SIADH?
Carbamazepine can cause SIADH (anticonvulsant) and the treatment medication is Demeclocycline (decreases responsiveness to ADH)
carbamazepine is not the main cause of SIADH, that would be TBI, and Demeclocycline is only one of a few treatments for SIADH. Also can treat with fluid restriction and hypertonic NaCl if Na+ is lower than 120 mEq/L but do not correct > than 1 mEq/L/hr
Somatotropin is also known as?
Growth hormone
Which nerve can be damaged during thyroid/parathyroid surgery?
RLN
Increased thyroid hormone causes an increase cascade of what? (independent of the ANS)
Increased thyroid hormone leads to increased BMR leading to increased 02 consumption and increased CO2 production.
True or False:
hyperthyroidism increases MAC and hypothyroidism decreases MAC?
False
Hyper- and Hypo- thyroid does NOT affect the CNS thus it has no effect on MAC.
BUT hyperthyroidism causes an increased CO thus increased anesthetic uptake in the blood and a Slower induction.
Most common cause of Hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease
Most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Low TSH + High T3 and T4 describes?
Hyperthyroidism
High TSH + Low T3 and T4 describes?
hypothyroidism
Thyroid storm can occur in hyper, euthyroid, or hypo patients?
hyper and euthyroid patients
When is the complication of thyroid storm most likely to happen?
6-18 hours after surgery
What is myxedema coma?
complication of severe hypothyroidism, the coma is a consequence (not a cause) of severely impaired thyroid function.
What is cretinsim?
complication of neonatal hypothyroidism that leads to limited physical and mental development
Amiodarone contains a significant amount of what by weight? (making it a bad choice for someone with thyroid issues)
Iodine
How do Thionamides work?
Inhibit thyroid synthesis by blocking iodine addition to the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, but require 6-7 weeks to achieve euthyroid
Propylthiouracil
PTU
Methimazole
Carbimazole
