Endocrine 1

Question 1

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Hyperthyroidism
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 1

Example of disorder: Graves disease
1. T3-active, T4- inactive, and thyrocalcitionin
2. increased hormone levels
3. T3 & T4 increases metabolic rate(glucose, fat and proteins)
- T3 &T4:
-thermal regulation (byproduct of metabolism)
-necessary in physical/mental growth & development in children (not enough thyroid hormone-cretinism/ can be prevented)

*GOITERS
*EXOPTHALMOS

Question 2

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Hypothyroidism
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 2

ex of disorder: Hashimoto thyroiditis
1. T3, T4, Thyrocalcitionin
2. Decreased hormone levels
3.T3 & T4 increases metabolic rate(glucose, fat and proteins)
- T3 &T4:
-thermal regulation (byproduct of metabolism)
-necessary in physical/mental growth & development in children (not enough thyroid hormone-cretinism/ can be prevented)

*GOITERS
*MYXEDEMA & MYXEDEMATOUS COMA

Question 3

1. Hormone affected in each dz: hypofunction of the cortex
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 3

ex of disorder: Addison’s Dz
1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) *primary steroid, Glucocorticoids (cortisol) *stress response, Adrenal sex hormones (androgens) *affects secondary sex characteristics
2. decreased levels of all 3 hormones
3. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone): main job is to retain sodium, RAAS regulates aldosterone formation, regulated by kidneys. increased Na and h2o retention, decreased K.
-Glucocorticoids (cortisol): increased blood glucose breaks down proteins and fats and converts to glucose (energy), decreased inflammatory & immune response, increased Na and H2o, decreased K
- Adrenal sex hormones (androgens): regulate aldosterone: through RAAS mechanism, cortisol & androgens: through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and feedback mechanism (ACTH)

Question 4

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Hyperfunction Dz
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 4

ex of disorder: Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome/Dz)
1. Aldosterone
2. increased/ too much aldosterone
3. Job of Aldosterone: help regulate BP by managing sodium and potassium levels
in the case of this dz, too much aldosterone, Na+ goes up & water is retained, BP increases (secondary hypertension)
-K+ drops & muscle function drops = cardiac dysrhythmias can occur

Question 5

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Hyperfunction Dz
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 5

ex of disorder: Cushing Syndrome (too much cortisol)
1. Cortisol
2. Increased Cortisol levels
3. Regulates body’s stress response, increase body’s metabolism of glucose, control BP, reduce inflammation

Question 6

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) (if born with/ not very common)
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 6

ex of disorder: Adrenal genital syndrome (if developed as an adult)
1. Androgen
2. Increased androgen levels
3. congenital deficiency of enzymes needed to make cortisol, increased ACTH, increased androgen

Question 7

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Adrenal medulla hormones
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 7

ex of disorder: Hypofunction
1. Catelcholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine
2. decreased (hypo)
3. Fxn of catecholamines: part of SNS, epi and nore serve as neurotransmitters that mediate sympathetic activity.

Question 8

1. Hormone affected in each dz: Hyperfunction
2. What amount of hormone increased/decreased?
3. What is the job of hormones?

Answer 8

ex of disorder: Pheochromocytoma
1. Catecholamine: epi and nore
2. increased (hyper)
3. Fxn of catecholamines: part of SNS, epi and nore serve as neurotransmitters that mediate sympathetic activity.