Endo Topic 3

Question 1

Growth Hormones

Answer 1

• acidophilic
• peptides
• pars distalis
• stimulatory: GHRH
• inhibitory: GHIH
• liver and muscle - glycogensis
• white adipose tissue - lipolysis
• liver - insulin like growth factors
• stimulates chrondrogenesis
• enhances long bone growth and ossification
• induces hyperglycemia
• excess: acromegaly, gigantism
• insufficency: short stature; dwafism

Question 2

Prolactin

Answer 2

• long peptide
• Pars distalis
• acidophilic
• stimulatory: prolactin releasing hormone
• inhibitory: prolactin inhibiting hormone (dompaine)
• mammary glands (primary target)
• for lactation
• excess: infertility; low estrogen and progesterone; reduce sperm production (sterility in males bone loss)
• insufficiency: amenorrhea (no periods); impaired lactation)

Question 3

Thyroid hormone system

Answer 3

• basophilic
• Pars distalis
• glycoprotein
• stimulatory: Thyrotropin releasing hormone
• thyroid glan
• excess: Graves disease; hypothyroidism
• insufficiency: hypometabolic syndrom, cretinism, goiter
• hypothalamus (TRH) -> Pituitary gland (TSH) -> Thryoid gland (T4 and T3) negatively loops to inhibit TRH and TSH

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

Answer 4

• pars distalis
• basophilic
• peptide
• stimulatory: Corticotropih releasing hormone (CRH/CRF)
• targets cell in the cortical region of the adrenal gland
• scretion of cortisol in most mammals
• birds - secretion of androgens and mineralocorticodis
• excess: cushin synfrome
• insufficiency: Addison’s disease
• pleiotrophic hormone