ENDO PHYSIO, HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUITARY

Question 1

7 endocrine glands/gland pairs v. outside glands

Answer 1

GLANDS:
Pituitary (ant or pos)
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Testes
Ovaries
Adrenals (cortex and medulla)
endocrine pancreas

outside glands:
hypothalamus of CNSf

Question 2

goal of hormone production regulation
- how is it controlled

Answer 2

maintain homeostasis while adjusting for envior changes
- results that are limited in amplitude and duration

(feedback loops, inhib control, endocrine rhythms)

Question 3

neg v pos feedback loop

Answer 3

neg: hormone feedback inhibits further hormone production (MC form of reg)
pos: feedback enhances further hormone productiomn

Question 4

neg feedback loops steps ex

Answer 4

typically hypothalamus–> ant pituitary–> peripheral end organ target

ex) CRH–stim ACTH release—stim cortisol production (adrenals)—inhibit further CRH and ACTH production

Question 5

pos feedback loops ex

Answer 5

unstable if uncontrolled
ex) childbirth, stretching of uterus stim pos pituitary to release oxytocin, this causes more uterine contractions , activate stretch receptors further

Question 6

ant v. pos pituitary

Answer 6

ant pituitary- true endocrine gland
pos pituitary- neural tissue/extension of brain

Question 7

hypothalamus
- releasing hormones

Answer 7

seceretes tropic hormones that regulate throphic hormones in ant pit
- GHRH
- GnRH
- CRH
- TRH

Question 8

hypothalamus
- inhibitory hormones

Answer 8

• dopamine (DA): signal to ant pit to dec prolactin (PRL)
• somatostain (SRIF): dec secretion of GH, TSH, CCK, and insulin

synth hormones that are stored and released by pos pit (oxytocin, vasopressin/ADH)