endo fucking life if <80 biotch

Question 1

endorcine glands are…

Answer 1

ductless glands rls hormones into surrounding tissue
-regulate metabolic processes
-rich vascular and lymphatic drainage to recieve their hormones and release

Question 2

exocrine glands are…

Answer 2

glands that have ducts in which nonhormonal products are routed to membrane surface

Question 3

endo contains…

Answer 3

-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenals
-pancreas
-hypothalamus

Question 4

a hormone is…

Answer 4

chemical substance secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids which regulate metabolic function of other cells

Question 5

2 hormone classification…

Answer 5

amino acid based and steroids

Question 6

most hormones are classidied

Answer 6

amino acid based

Question 7

steroids synthesized from…

Answer 7

cholesterol

Question 8

only steroidal hormones are…

Answer 8

gonadal and adrenocortical

Question 9

mechanism of hormone action…

Answer 9

each hormone receptor is a portien or gylcoprotein molecule that has a binding site for specific hormone>hormone delivers its message to cell by uniting with its binding site on recpetor

Question 10

T/F- more receptors=greater response

Answer 10

T

Question 11

second messenger systems happen for…

Answer 11

amino acid based hormones

Question 12

2nd messenger system process…

Answer 12

hormone combines w receptor outside of cell>activates enzyme which is bound to inside of cell membrane>activates another set of enzymes and causes change in cellular process. therefore the enzyme on inside of cell in 2nd messenger, reponses determined by type of protein substrate it contains

Question 13

direct gene activation is for…

Answer 13

steroid hormones

Question 14

direct gene activation proccess…

Answer 14

steroid hormones are lipid soluble and make up bulk of cell membrane, so they can enter cell easily. once inside»combine with specific cytoplasmic proteins (receptors)>enyer nucleus, bind to chromatin, activate genes>causing synthesis of messenger RNA. mRNA leaves nucleusand enters cytoplams where it auses target effects

Question 15

target effects causes reponses such as…

Answer 15

-altering membrane permeability
-actvating enzymes
-promoting synthesis of proteins
-stimulating/inhiniting specific metabolic pathways
-promoting cellular movement
-intiating secretion of other hormones

Question 16

control of hormone release include three stimuli…

Answer 16

humoral, neural, hormonal

Question 17

humoral stimuli

Answer 17

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients

Question 18

neural stimuli

Answer 18

nerve fibers

Question 19

hormonal stimuli

Answer 19

in response to hormones produced by endocrine glands

Question 20

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Answer 20

seated in spehnoid bone, size and shape of pea w stalk. anterior galnd= adenohypophysis
posterior nervous = neurohypophysis

Question 21

adenohypophysis

Answer 21

anterior lobe of pituitary gland and manufactures and releases many hormones

Question 22

neurohypophysis

Answer 22

posterior lobe of pituitary gland and stores and releases neurohormones from hypothalamus

Question 23

infundibulum

Answer 23

funnel shaped stalk connecting hypothlamaus and pituitray posteriorly (together with posterior lobe make neurohypophysis)

Question 24

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract is…

Answer 24

the neural connection between the posterior lobe and hypothalamus

Question 25

hypophyseal portal system does...

Answer 25

the vascular connection with hypothalamus

Question 26

hormones of adenohypophysis

Answer 26

TSH ACTH GH

Question 27

TSH

Answer 27

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 28

TSH does..

Answer 28

stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid gland

Question 29

thyrotropic hormone from hypothalmus...

Answer 29

triggers

Question 30

somotostain hormone from hypothlamus

Answer 30

inhibits

Question 31

ACTH

Answer 31

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 32

ACTH does...

Answer 32

stimulates adrenal cortes to release corticosteroid hormones. diurnal rhythm w levels peaking in AM just after rising

Question 33

GH

Answer 33

growth hormone

Question 34

GH does...

Answer 34

targets bone and skeletal muscle

Question 35

hypersecretion of GH is usually from _____

Answer 35

adenohypophyseal tumor

Question 36

hypersecretion in children causes_______

Answer 36

gigantism= rapid growth to ~8ft tall but normal proportions

Question 37

hypersecretion of GH in adults causes

Answer 37

acromegaly which is overgrowth of bony areas in hands and feet and face

Question 38

hyposecretion of GH in adults causes

Answer 38

usually progeria in adults but no issues just premature aging

Question 39

hyposecretion of GH in kids causes...

Answer 39

pituitary dwarfism 4 ft tall

Question 40

hormones of posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus are synthesized in...

Answer 40

hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary

Question 41

hormones in posterior pituitayr and hypothalamus are...

Answer 41

-ADH

Question 42

ADH

Answer 42

anti diuretic hormone

Question 43

ADH does...

Answer 43

prevens wide swing in h2o balance

Question 44

ADH targets the

Answer 44

kidney tubules to either reabsorb more water into blood or release water into urine

Question 45

hypersecretion of ADH leads to

Answer 45

overretention of fluid, headache, edema, weight gain, disorenited

Question 46

hyposecretion of ADH leads to...

Answer 46

diabetes insipidus so intesne thirst and urine output incr

Question 47

head injury can fuck up

Answer 47

ADH secretion

Question 48

what i smost common cause for incr/decr in hormones from pituitary

Answer 48

hypothalamus tumor

Question 49

what shape and location is thyroid gland

Answer 49

anterior neck just inferior of larynx and connect by isthmus. right large usually larger and it is butterfly shaped weighing 20-30 grams. lagrest pure endorcir e gland in the body

Question 50

what month of gestation is thyroid glan dactivated

Answer 50

3 months

Question 51

what organ is only organ that can concentrate iodine

Answer 51

thryoid gland

Question 52

thyroid gland composed of follicle cells

Answer 52

these are formed by epithelial cells nd they make throglobulin

Question 53

central cavity (lumen) stores

Answer 53

colloid

Question 54

colloid is

Answer 54

amber colored stikcy substance that consists of thyroglobulin molecules with iondine attached

Question 55

thyroid hormone is derived from

Answer 55

iodinated thyroglobulin fro colloid bc colloid stores it

Question 56

parafollicular cells are endocrine cells that found in thyorid gland and make

Answer 56

calcitonin

Question 57

thyroid hormone is made up of

Answer 57

2 active iodide conating hormones -t4=thyroxine -t3=triiodothyronine

Question 58

most t3 is fromed by

Answer 58

target tissues from a conversion of t4 to t3 bc 90 % is t4

Question 59

what decreases TH

Answer 59

high estrogen and testosterone and too muhc iodide

Question 60

hypothalmic-pituitary-thyoird axisis when

Answer 60

the