endo fucking life if <80 biotch Flashcards
endorcine glands are…
ductless glands rls hormones into surrounding tissue
-regulate metabolic processes
-rich vascular and lymphatic drainage to recieve their hormones and release
exocrine glands are…
glands that have ducts in which nonhormonal products are routed to membrane surface
endo contains…
-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenals
-pancreas
-hypothalamus
a hormone is…
chemical substance secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids which regulate metabolic function of other cells
2 hormone classification…
amino acid based and steroids
most hormones are classidied
amino acid based
steroids synthesized from…
cholesterol
only steroidal hormones are…
gonadal and adrenocortical
mechanism of hormone action…
each hormone receptor is a portien or gylcoprotein molecule that has a binding site for specific hormone>hormone delivers its message to cell by uniting with its binding site on recpetor
T/F- more receptors=greater response
T
second messenger systems happen for…
amino acid based hormones
2nd messenger system process…
hormone combines w receptor outside of cell>activates enzyme which is bound to inside of cell membrane>activates another set of enzymes and causes change in cellular process. therefore the enzyme on inside of cell in 2nd messenger, reponses determined by type of protein substrate it contains
direct gene activation is for…
steroid hormones
direct gene activation proccess…
steroid hormones are lipid soluble and make up bulk of cell membrane, so they can enter cell easily. once inside»combine with specific cytoplasmic proteins (receptors)>enyer nucleus, bind to chromatin, activate genes>causing synthesis of messenger RNA. mRNA leaves nucleusand enters cytoplams where it auses target effects
target effects causes reponses such as…
-altering membrane permeability
-actvating enzymes
-promoting synthesis of proteins
-stimulating/inhiniting specific metabolic pathways
-promoting cellular movement
-intiating secretion of other hormones
control of hormone release include three stimuli…
humoral, neural, hormonal
humoral stimuli
changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients
neural stimuli
nerve fibers
hormonal stimuli
in response to hormones produced by endocrine glands
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
seated in spehnoid bone, size and shape of pea w stalk. anterior galnd= adenohypophysis
posterior nervous = neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
anterior lobe of pituitary gland and manufactures and releases many hormones
neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of pituitary gland and stores and releases neurohormones from hypothalamus
infundibulum
funnel shaped stalk connecting hypothlamaus and pituitray posteriorly (together with posterior lobe make neurohypophysis)
hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract is…
the neural connection between the posterior lobe and hypothalamus
hypophyseal portal system does…
the vascular connection with hypothalamus
hormones of adenohypophysis
TSH
ACTH
GH
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
TSH does..
stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid gland
thyrotropic hormone from hypothalmus…
triggers
somotostain hormone from hypothlamus
inhibits
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH does…
stimulates adrenal cortes to release corticosteroid hormones. diurnal rhythm w levels peaking in AM just after rising
GH
growth hormone
GH does…
targets bone and skeletal muscle
hypersecretion of GH is usually from _____
adenohypophyseal tumor
hypersecretion in children causes_______
gigantism= rapid growth to ~8ft tall but normal proportions
hypersecretion of GH in adults causes
acromegaly which is overgrowth of bony areas in hands and feet and face
hyposecretion of GH in adults causes
usually progeria in adults but no issues just premature aging
hyposecretion of GH in kids causes…
pituitary dwarfism 4 ft tall
hormones of posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus are synthesized in…
hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary
hormones in posterior pituitayr and hypothalamus are…
-ADH
ADH
anti diuretic hormone
ADH does…
prevens wide swing in h2o balance
ADH targets the
kidney tubules to either reabsorb more water into blood or release water into urine
hypersecretion of ADH leads to
overretention of fluid, headache, edema, weight gain, disorenited
hyposecretion of ADH leads to…
diabetes insipidus so intesne thirst and urine output incr
head injury can fuck up
ADH secretion
what i smost common cause for incr/decr in hormones from pituitary
hypothalamus tumor
what shape and location is thyroid gland
anterior neck just inferior of larynx and connect by isthmus. right large usually larger and it is butterfly shaped weighing 20-30 grams. lagrest pure endorcir e gland in the body
what month of gestation is thyroid glan dactivated
3 months
what organ is only organ that can concentrate iodine
thryoid gland
thyroid gland composed of follicle cells
these are formed by epithelial cells nd they make throglobulin
central cavity (lumen) stores
colloid
colloid is
amber colored stikcy substance that consists of thyroglobulin molecules with iondine attached
thyroid hormone is derived from
iodinated thyroglobulin fro colloid bc colloid stores it
parafollicular cells are endocrine cells that found in thyorid gland and make
calcitonin
thyroid hormone is made up of
2 active iodide conating hormones
-t4=thyroxine
-t3=triiodothyronine
most t3 is fromed by
target tissues from a conversion of t4 to t3 bc 90 % is t4
what decreases TH
high estrogen and testosterone and too muhc iodide
hypothalmic-pituitary-thyoird axisis when
the
