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Endocrine > endo fucking life if <80 biotch > Flashcards

endo fucking life if <80 biotch Flashcards

1
Q

endorcine glands are…

A

ductless glands rls hormones into surrounding tissue
-regulate metabolic processes
-rich vascular and lymphatic drainage to recieve their hormones and release

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2
Q

exocrine glands are…

A

glands that have ducts in which nonhormonal products are routed to membrane surface

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3
Q

endo contains…

A

-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-adrenals
-pancreas
-hypothalamus

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4
Q

a hormone is…

A

chemical substance secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids which regulate metabolic function of other cells

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5
Q

2 hormone classification…

A

amino acid based and steroids

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6
Q

most hormones are classidied

A

amino acid based

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7
Q

steroids synthesized from…

A

cholesterol

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8
Q

only steroidal hormones are…

A

gonadal and adrenocortical

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9
Q

mechanism of hormone action…

A

each hormone receptor is a portien or gylcoprotein molecule that has a binding site for specific hormone>hormone delivers its message to cell by uniting with its binding site on recpetor

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10
Q

T/F- more receptors=greater response

A

T

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11
Q

second messenger systems happen for…

A

amino acid based hormones

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12
Q

2nd messenger system process…

A

hormone combines w receptor outside of cell>activates enzyme which is bound to inside of cell membrane>activates another set of enzymes and causes change in cellular process. therefore the enzyme on inside of cell in 2nd messenger, reponses determined by type of protein substrate it contains

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13
Q

direct gene activation is for…

A

steroid hormones

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14
Q

direct gene activation proccess…

A

steroid hormones are lipid soluble and make up bulk of cell membrane, so they can enter cell easily. once inside»combine with specific cytoplasmic proteins (receptors)>enyer nucleus, bind to chromatin, activate genes>causing synthesis of messenger RNA. mRNA leaves nucleusand enters cytoplams where it auses target effects

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15
Q

target effects causes reponses such as…

A

-altering membrane permeability
-actvating enzymes
-promoting synthesis of proteins
-stimulating/inhiniting specific metabolic pathways
-promoting cellular movement
-intiating secretion of other hormones

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16
Q

control of hormone release include three stimuli…

A

humoral, neural, hormonal

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17
Q

humoral stimuli

A

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients

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18
Q

neural stimuli

A

nerve fibers

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19
Q

hormonal stimuli

A

in response to hormones produced by endocrine glands

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20
Q

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

seated in spehnoid bone, size and shape of pea w stalk. anterior galnd= adenohypophysis
posterior nervous = neurohypophysis

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21
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of pituitary gland and manufactures and releases many hormones

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22
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of pituitary gland and stores and releases neurohormones from hypothalamus

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23
Q

infundibulum

A

funnel shaped stalk connecting hypothlamaus and pituitray posteriorly (together with posterior lobe make neurohypophysis)

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24
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract is…

A

the neural connection between the posterior lobe and hypothalamus

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25
Q

hypophyseal portal system does…

A

the vascular connection with hypothalamus

26
Q

hormones of adenohypophysis

A

TSH
ACTH
GH

27
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

28
Q

TSH does..

A

stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid gland

29
Q

thyrotropic hormone from hypothalmus…

A

triggers

30
Q

somotostain hormone from hypothlamus

A

inhibits

31
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

32
Q

ACTH does…

A

stimulates adrenal cortes to release corticosteroid hormones. diurnal rhythm w levels peaking in AM just after rising

33
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

34
Q

GH does…

A

targets bone and skeletal muscle

35
Q

hypersecretion of GH is usually from _____

A

adenohypophyseal tumor

36
Q

hypersecretion in children causes_______

A

gigantism= rapid growth to ~8ft tall but normal proportions

37
Q

hypersecretion of GH in adults causes

A

acromegaly which is overgrowth of bony areas in hands and feet and face

38
Q

hyposecretion of GH in adults causes

A

usually progeria in adults but no issues just premature aging

39
Q

hyposecretion of GH in kids causes…

A

pituitary dwarfism 4 ft tall

40
Q

hormones of posterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus are synthesized in…

A

hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary

41
Q

hormones in posterior pituitayr and hypothalamus are…

A

-ADH

42
Q

ADH

A

anti diuretic hormone

43
Q

ADH does…

A

prevens wide swing in h2o balance

44
Q

ADH targets the

A

kidney tubules to either reabsorb more water into blood or release water into urine

45
Q

hypersecretion of ADH leads to

A

overretention of fluid, headache, edema, weight gain, disorenited

46
Q

hyposecretion of ADH leads to…

A

diabetes insipidus so intesne thirst and urine output incr

47
Q

head injury can fuck up

A

ADH secretion

48
Q

what i smost common cause for incr/decr in hormones from pituitary

A

hypothalamus tumor

49
Q

what shape and location is thyroid gland

A

anterior neck just inferior of larynx and connect by isthmus. right large usually larger and it is butterfly shaped weighing 20-30 grams. lagrest pure endorcir e gland in the body

50
Q

what month of gestation is thyroid glan dactivated

A

3 months

51
Q

what organ is only organ that can concentrate iodine

A

thryoid gland

52
Q

thyroid gland composed of follicle cells

A

these are formed by epithelial cells nd they make throglobulin

53
Q

central cavity (lumen) stores

A

colloid

54
Q

colloid is

A

amber colored stikcy substance that consists of thyroglobulin molecules with iondine attached

55
Q

thyroid hormone is derived from

A

iodinated thyroglobulin fro colloid bc colloid stores it

56
Q

parafollicular cells are endocrine cells that found in thyorid gland and make

A

calcitonin

57
Q

thyroid hormone is made up of

A

2 active iodide conating hormones
-t4=thyroxine
-t3=triiodothyronine

58
Q

most t3 is fromed by

A

target tissues from a conversion of t4 to t3 bc 90 % is t4

59
Q

what decreases TH

A

high estrogen and testosterone and too muhc iodide

60
Q

hypothalmic-pituitary-thyoird axisis when

A

the

Endocrine (3 decks)

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