Endo: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Lipid Disorders Flashcards
why do we treat diabetes?
the complications from the disease are fatal or devastating
how is DM1 inherited?
monogenic inheritance
what predisposes you to DM1?
- viraemia
- overuse of antibiotics as a child
can adults get DM1
yes, this is called latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)
can children get DM2
yes, this is MODY (mature onset diabetes of the young)
how is DM2 inherited?
polygenic inheritance
what predisposes you to DM2
anything which promotes obesity and overeating
which hormones are found in glucose homeostasis
insulin and glucagon
what do incretins do?
GIP and GLP-1 decrease glucagon secretion whilst increasing insulin secretion, to cause decrease production of glucose and more peripheral glucose uptake, respectively
pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
- excessive production of glucagon and lower production of insulin
- insulin resistance in the peripheral tissue, decreasing glucose uptake
main symptoms of diabetes
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- weight loss
diagnostic criteria (plasma)
normal fasting: <6.1
impaired fasting glycaemia: <6.16
new fasting diabetes: >7
normal 2h blood glucose: <7.8
impaired glucose tolerance: 7.8-11.0
diabetes: >11.1
aims for treatment
- increase quality of life
- decrease risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications
management of T2DM
- lifestyle changes
- weight reduction
- optimising glycaemic control
- hypertension control
- hyperlipidaemia control
how do biguanides work (eg metformin)
decrease hepatic glucose production and increases glucose uptake
