ENDO ALL Flashcards
Chemical messengers in endocrine system
Hormones
2 problems in endocrine system regarding secretion of hormones
Hyposecretion and hypersecretion
What hormone is for metabolism?
T3
Related to GIT
What hormone is for heat production?
T4
Anterior pituitary gland produces what hormone?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
What enhances catecholamine?
SNS (awake and alert)
PNS
Negative feedback: how is thyroid hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone related?
They are inversely proportional related:
Increase in TH = Decrease TSH
Vice versa
What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?
Regulates calcium levels in the blood and bones
The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which helps in maintaining calcium homeostasis.
What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PTH plays a critical role in regulating calcium levels in the bloodstream.
What is the relationship between PTH and calcium in the blood and bones?
PTH increases calcium in the blood by promoting demineralization of bones
This process involves the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream.
What hormone does the thyroid gland produce that affects calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Calcitonin helps to lower blood calcium levels by promoting mineralization of bones.
Fill in the blank: Calcium in the blood promotes _______ in the thyroid gland.
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is secreted in response to elevated blood calcium levels.
What is the effect of calcium on muscle contraction?
Calcium stops or blocks contraction
Calcium plays a crucial role in muscle physiology, and its levels directly affect muscle contraction.
What is the inverse relationship mentioned regarding muscle, GI, and phosphorus?
Muscle and GI function inversely relate to phosphorus levels
An increase in phosphorus can affect muscle and gastrointestinal function negatively.
What are the primary sex characteristics associated with androgens?
Sex characteristics
Includes traits such as increased muscle mass, deep voice, and broad shoulders in males.
What are glucocorticoids, and what is one of their main functions?
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that increases sugar levels
Glucocorticoids are involved in the body’s response to stress.
When is cortisol naturally released at high levels?
High in the morning
This is part of the body’s circadian rhythm.
What is one effect of cortisol on the immune system?
Suppresses the immune system
This can lead to decreased immune response.
What does cortisol do to protein in the body?
Breaks down protein
This can lead to thinning of the body.
Which electrolyte balance is affected by mineralocorticoids?
Sodium and potassium
Mineralocorticoids increase sodium and water retention while decreasing potassium.
What does the acronym SO in relation to mineralocorticoids stand for?
Sodium and water retention
Indicates the function of mineralocorticoids in maintaining electrolyte balance.
What is the role of ACTH in the anterior pituitary?
Stimulates the cortex to release steroid hormones
ACTH stands for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone.
What does MSH stand for, and what is its function?
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone; affects skin color and UV protection
MSH influences melanin production in the skin.
What are the two main parts of the adrenal glands?
Medulla and cortex
Each part has distinct functions and hormone production.
What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
These hormones are involved in the fight-or-flight response.
Fill in the blank: Glucocorticoids are primarily related to _______.
Sugar
This relates to their role in glucose metabolism.
Fill in the blank: Mineralocorticoids primarily regulate _______.
Salt (Na)
This indicates their role in electrolyte balance.
