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ABFM questions > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Dx of SIADH

A

-euvolemia
- no diuretics in 24-48 hours
- urine osm high + low serum Na and osm

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2
Q

SIADH treatment

A
  • fluid restriction <800 cc/24 hours over severe days to correct hypoosmolality
  • treat underlying cause
  • For servere hypoNa w/ seizures/obtunded –> 3% saline
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3
Q

Oral diabetes medications that have been FDA approved for secondary prevention of CVD

A

liraglutide (GLP1)
Empagliflozin (SGLT2)

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4
Q

monitoring DM in patients with hemoglobinopathies (falsely lower A1c)

A

Fructosamine

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5
Q

Dx in graves

A

RAIU: diffuse
+Thyrotropin receptor abx

(no uptake in thyroiditis, post partum thyroiditis, subacute thyroioditis)

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6
Q

Postpartum thyroiditis

A

Transient or persistent thyroid dysfunction within 1 year childbirth

-MOA: release of preformed thyroid hormone

  • Dx: RAIU is LOW during hyperthyroid phase
  • preg/breast feeding are CI to RAIU
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7
Q

When is thyroid US indicated?

A

only if palpable abrnomality of thyroid gland

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8
Q

Hashimotos (autoimmune thyroiditis)

A

+ TPO ab, sx of HYPOthyroidism

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9
Q

BMI with most benefit for bariatric surgery

A

> 40

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10
Q

Rotterdam criteria

A

Need 2/3:
1. hyperandrogenism
2. annovulatory cycles
3. at least one polycystic ovary

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11
Q

meds/conditions that alter metabolism of levothyroxine

A

gastritis
h pylori
chronic PPI

inc by 30%

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12
Q

Contraindications for GLP1

A

medullary thyroid CA or MEN

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13
Q

impaired fasting glucose

A

100-125

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14
Q

DM meds that cause weight gain

A

sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, insulins

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15
Q

GFR cut off for prescribing metformin

A

men 1.5
women 1.4

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16
Q

A1c to start insulin

A

> 9

Metformin should be first line regardless

17
Q

Absolute contraindications to testosterone replacement

A

Hct >54%, PSA >4, breast/prostate CA, nodules on DRE

Hct >50% is relative CI

18
Q

first line tx of RA

A

methotrexate (DMARD)
- starting within 3 mo leads to sustained remission
- underlying liver disease is a contraindication to MTX

19
Q

First dx test in thyroid concern always? W/u if nodule on exam?

A

TSH, than US if nodule

If nodule?
Low &raquo_space; RAUI
High&raquo_space; FNA

20
Q

impacts of over treating hypothyroidism

A

afib
osteoporosis

21
Q

tx of Graves

A

1= radioactive idoine ablation
2= Methimazole (1st line), PTU (2nd line)

22
Q

when is PTU considered first line

A

1st tri pregnancy and lactation

23
Q

thyroid nodules epidemiology

A

95%= benign adenoma
5%= malignant

Of malignant lesions, 60% papillary,12% follicular

24
Q

goal TSH in pregnancy

how to adjust levothyroxin

A

<3

Inc by 25-50%

25
Q

survival outcomes after weight loss surgery:
-all cause mortality
-DM

A

Mortality benefit over non-surgical methods; all cause mortality dec 30-50% at 7-15 years

DM remission in large proportion of patients at 2 years

26
Q

lab monitoring for nutritional deficiency after bariatric surgery

A

q3 mo for one year then annually

27
Q

1st line tx of DM if presenting with weight loss

A

Insulin! patient is in a catabolic state

28
Q

female athlete triad

A

low energy relative to needs

ex: exercising beyond caloric store

irregular periods from hypothalamic shut down, impaired bone mineral density

29
Q

t/f breastfeeding decreases risk f DM

A

true

also HTN, CVD

30
Q

Test after adrenal incidentaloma

A

dexamethasone suppression test

31
Q

Factors associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis

A

include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, low body weight, and a parental history of hip fracture.

32
Q

Elevated ALP, nrmal GTT

A

Think Pagets&raquo_space; order xray pelvis, tibia, skull&raquo_space; if pagets, order radionucleotide bne scan

ABFM questions (11 decks)

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