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End Term Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Climate Change

A

refers to long term changes in he climate

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1
Q

Global Warming

A

increase of Earth’s average surface temperature

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2
Q

Global Warming Effects

A

Rising sea level
Increased Temperature
Habitat Damage
Changes in Water supply

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3
Q

Cause of Seasons

A

Earth’s tilt on its axis

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4
Q

Comets

A
  • made of ice, dust and small rocky particles
  • revolves around the sun
  • tail always points away from the sun
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5
Q

Meteors

A
  • celestial bodies

- burn completely when it enters the Earth’s atmosphere

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6
Q

Meteorites

A
  • celestial body
  • doesn’t burn completely when it enters the Earth’s atmosphere
  • lands on Earth
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7
Q

Asteroids

A

lumps of rock found in between Jupiter and Mars

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8
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A
  • the moon passes through the penumbra

- SUN - EARTH- MOON

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9
Q

Solar Eclipse

A
  • passes through the umbra

- SUN- MOON - EARTH

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10
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions between organisms and their environments

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11
Q

Two Factors in Ecology and their meanings

A

Biotic Factors:living organisms

Abiotic Factors : nonliving parts

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12
Q

7 Characteristics of Living Things

A
  1. Must be made of cells.
  2. Must grow and develop
  3. Must be able to reproduce
  4. Must be able to obtain and use energy
  5. Must be able to adapt to their changing environments
  6. Must be able to respond to stimuli
  7. Must exhibit organization
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13
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit of life

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14
Q

Tissue

A

a group of cells that perform a specific function

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15
Q

Organ

A

a structure usually composed of several tissues that perform function

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16
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs working together to perform a function

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17
Q

Organism

A

An individual thing composed of different organ systems

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18
Q

Population

A

A group of Organisms belong to the same species

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19
Q

Community

A

A group of Populations

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20
Q

Ecosystem

A

An interaction between the organisms and the environment

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21
Q

Biosphere

A

supporting layer of the Earth

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22
Q

Niche

A

role of species in a community

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23
Q

Habitat

A

place in where things grow/live

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24
Q

Limiting Factor

A

any biotic or abiotic component that restricts the existence of organisms

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25
Q

3 Feeding Relationships

A
  1. Producer-Consumer
  2. Predator- Prey
  3. Parasite- Host
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26
Q

Symbiosis

A

two species living together

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27
Q

4 types of Symbiosis and definitions

A

Commensalism - one benefits while the other isn’t affected
Parasitism- one benefits, one is harmed
Mutualism- both benefits
Ammensalism- one is harmed and the other is unaffected

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28
Q

Trophic Levels

A

represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem

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29
Q

Food Chain

A

shows how matter and energy made through an Ecosystem

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30
Q

Biomass

A

amount of organic matter comprising group of organisms in a habitat

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31
Q

Nutrient Cycle

A

cycling maintains the balance in the environment

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32
Q

Primary Succession

A

begins in a place without any soil

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33
Q

Secondary Succession

A

begins in a place that already has soil

34
Q

Climax Community

A

a stable group of plants and animals

is the end result of the succession process

35
Q

Limiting Factor and its different types

A

insufficient supply of a particular nutrient

DENSITY DEPENDENT: depends on population size
DENSITY INDEPENDENT : affects the population no matter hat size

36
Q

Results and Discussion

A

This part shows the data gathered arranged or presented in tables or graphs

37
Q

Bibliography

A

the references used by the researchers

38
Q

Recommendation

A

Suggestions or future research are found in this portion

39
Q

Objectives in IP

A

purpose of the study is stated here

40
Q

Significance of Study in IP

A

cites the importance of the study

41
Q

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

A

first man to make and use a microscope

42
Q

Robert Hooke

A

discovered that cells make up all living things

43
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered yeast fungus

44
Q

Robert Koch

A

discovered tubercle and cholera bacilli

45
Q

When the first compound microscope created

A

1590

46
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • is semipermeable

- allows some substances to pass through and blocks others

47
Q

2 things that make up the Cell membran

A

Phospholipids and embedded proteins

48
Q

Cell Wall

A

The extra layer found in Plant Cells. It is made of Cellulose

49
Q

Centrosome

A

A small body located near the nucleus , where microtubules are created.These are only found in animal cells

50
Q

Cell Division (Mitosis)

A

the centrosome divides and the two parts move to the opposite sides of the dividing cell

51
Q

Centriole

A

The dense center of the centrosome

52
Q

Microtubules

A

shaped like soda straws and give the nucleus and cell its shape

53
Q

Nucleus

A

Found in the center of a cell. Contains the nucleolus that makes ribosomes.
Contains the DNA assembled into chromosomes.

54
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Surrounds the nucleus

55
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located

56
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made through a process called protein synthesis

57
Q

Rough ER

A

Covered with ribosomes.
Connected to the altar nucleus membrane and Smooth ER.
Produces proteins in sacs called cisterns which are sent the Golgi body or inserted into the cell membrane.

58
Q

Golgi body

A

Modifies and packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell

59
Q

Smooth ER

A

Does not have ribosomes on its surface.

Makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell

60
Q

Three jobs of the smooth ER

A
  1. Makes proteins and lipids
  2. I’m just the calcium level in muscles
  3. Detoxifies poisons, alcohols and drugs
61
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles containing chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy.

62
Q

Photosynthesis

A

In which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy -food

63
Q

Vacuoles

A

Filled with fluid being digested and waste material that is on it’s way out of the cell

64
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP

65
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes

66
Q

Rudolph Verchow

A

All cells come from pre-existing cells

67
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Characterized by hiring full, group of its different species sharing resources because of diversity

68
Q

Desert

A

Has drastic changes in temperature within the day and has sparse Rainfall

69
Q

Tundra

A

Located at high altitudes and has surface areas covered in snow

70
Q

Savannah

A

Dominated by grasses and trees often experiencing fires

71
Q

Deciduous Forest

A

Has both warm and cold season, Located between the polar regions and the tropics. Evenly distributed precipitation

72
Q

Taiga

A

Winters are long and cold and the summers are short and cool. High precipitation throughout the year

73
Q

Diffusion

A

The random movement of particles from great concentration to less concentration.
The process by which substances spread through a medium which is either liquid or gas

74
Q

Solution

A

A liquid mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are uniformly or evenly mixed

75
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the molecules move or spread evenly throughout

76
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The goblet changes in the concentration of molecules over distance. Necessary for diffusion occur

77
Q

Active transport

A

When particles move from a lesser concentration to a greater concentration

78
Q

Osmosis

A

Is the movement of water across the cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

79
Q

Passive transport

A

When the moment is from a region of greater concentration to region of lesser concentration.
The cell uses no energy

80
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Helps the passage of these particles from greater concentration to lesser concentration. a special form of passive Transport. Only certain molecules can be moved from this the great concentration by carrier proteins in this membrane

81
Q

Phagocytosis ( Cell eating)

A

Engulf food using the cytoplasm and cell membrane

82
Q

Pinocytosis (cell drinking)

A

When very tiny particles or liquids are taken in

83
Q

Endocytosis

A

Has two types: Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis.

a process in which cells take in substance us by forming vesicles

Biology (1 decks)

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