End sem Exam Flashcards
The cultural safety in health care for Indigenous Australians monitoring framework is structured around 3 modules, name these 3 modules.
Module 1: Culturally respectful health care services, Module 2: Patient experience of health care, and Module 3: Access to health care services.
List different types of respiratory patterns
Kusmals
Aggonal
Cheyne stokes
shallow
Apnoea
Bradypnoea
Sputum colours are linked to a cause, expand further
clear, white, or gray- healthy lungs.
Mucoid- Ashtma, coryza
dark yellow or green- Bacterial or viral infection, such as pneumonia, or cystic fibrosis, an inherited condition that involves excess mucus buildup.
pink can indicate pulmonary edema
red- Internal injury, lung cancer, or a pulmonary embolism (PE), lung cancer.
What is the difference between modifiable and modifiable risk factors
Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be controlled. These include gender, race, family history and advancing age.
Modifiable risk factors can be controlled, or changed- Smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption.
Describe delirium
An acute change in mental status that is often triggered by acute illness, surgery, injuries or adverse effects of medicines.
What are the principles of person-centred & family- centred care?
- Knowing the person as an individual
- Being responsive
- Providing care that is meaningful, coordinated and integrated
- Respecting the individual’s values, preferences and needs and putting
them at the centre of care - Fostering trusting caregiver relationships, with good communication,
information sharing and education - Emphasising freedom of choice with access to appropriate care when it is
needed - Promoting physical and emotional comfort
- Involving the person’s family and friends, as appropriate
- Ensuring continuity of care between and within healthcare services
What is a grommet ?
A small tube placed in the TM to allow ventilation and fluid drainage
What is Antimicrobial Stewardship
The appropriate use of antimicrobials to best treat infections and minimise antimicrobial resistance.
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH,
12 cranial nerves
olfactory (I) - smell;
optic (II) - vision;
oculomotor (III) for eye movement and pupil constriction;
trochlear (IV) - downward and inward rotation of the eye;
trigeminal (V)- facial sensation and chewing; abducens (VI) - lateral eye movement;
facial (VII) - facial expressions and taste; vestibulocochlear (VIII)- hearing and balance; glossopharyngeal (IX)- taste and swallowing; vagus (X) controlling speech, swallowing, and heart rate; spinal
accessory (XI)- neck and shoulder movement; and lastly,
hypoglossal (XII) - tongue movement.
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart and where is it located?
SA node located in the R) atrium
Name some VTE prevention
TEDS, Flowtrons, administering low molecular weight heparin as ordered.
Oxygen devices and flow rates
Nasal canuals- 6L/min 5-6L/min- Low flow
Hudson mask- 5-10l/min- Low flow
Non-rebrether 10-15L/min- Low flow
Venturie mask-specific nozzles - High flow
STEMI
S-T elevation on ECG or new
Lowe Bundle Branch Block with full-thickness myocardial wall damage
Name shockable and non-shockable rhythms.
Shockable
Pulseless VT
VF- Ventricular fibrilation
Non- shockable
Asistole
PEA
Anatomical landmarks of the ECG electrode placement
V1- 4th intercostal, 2 finger space right ofsternum
V2- – 4th intercostal, 2 finger space left of sternum
V3- – between V2 and V4 (placed after V4 normally
V4- 5th intercostal at midclavicular line
V5- 5Th Intercostal space- left anterior axillary line
V6- 5th intercostal space- left mid-axillary
line.
limb leads
How to assess for LOC
AVPU
GCS
AVPU
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
PU- Do GCS
GCS Breakdown
1-15
Eyes- 4
Verbal- 5
Motor-6
Otalgia V Tinnitus
Oltiga is ear pain, and tinnitus is ear-ringing
AEIOUTIPS
Reasons for LOC.
A- Alcohol
E- epilepsy
I- infectiom
O-opioids
U-Urates
T- Trauma
I- Insulin
P- Poisons
S- Shock/Stroke
Primary assessment
focused assessment and expand
Rapid A-E to rule out any lifethreatning issues - fluid- if you mess you reasess
A- Airway- patent? AVPU
B- Breathing- RATES, WOB, Colour of skin,
C- Circulation- Assess and compare the central and peripheral pulses, observe and palpate the skin for warmth, colour and moisture if circulation is absent. ECG.
D- Dissability- Neurological status using the GCS, check the BGL level, review the documentation (what interventions of medications have they received)
E- Exposure- Remove the patient’s clothing (if appropriate) to rapidly expose the body to assess for any other signs of illness or injury (rash, external bleeding), keep the
patient warm (apply warming methods) and assess their core temperature.
F-J
Secondary Assessment
process and once the life threats have been managed.
* Full set of vital signs and include the family involved.
* Get monitoring devices and give comfort
Review any laboratory studies (bloods), attach monitoring, consider the need for NGT/OGT insertion, Assess and apply oxygen and ETCO2, complete a pain assessment and manage accordingly
* History and head-to-toe
Inspect and palpate the body using a systematic approach from the head to the toes, assess the following:
* Head and face
* Neck
* Chest
* Abdomen and flanks
* Pelvis and perineum
* Extremities
* Inspect posterior surfaces
Don’t forget to roll your patient to review the posterior surfaces, if safe to do so
* Just continue to monitor and keep reevaluating Keep evaluating the vital signs, injuries and interventions, primary survey and pain
Understand the assessment techniques by applying HIPPA/HIAPP and expand on each of the components
History
Inspection
Percuss
Palpate
Ascultate
HIAPP for gartointestinal focused due to causing abnormal bowel sounds if pushing before listening.
Describe Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Presence of an atheromatous plaque
in a coronary artery causing:
➢ Haemorrhage into the plaque causing it to swell and restrict the lumen of the artery
➢ Contraction of smooth muscle within the artery wall, causing further constriction of the lumen
➢ Thrombus formation on the surface of the plaque, which may cause partial orcomplete obstruction of the lumen of the artery or distal embolism
What is a Cushings Triad and what are the hallmark signs ?
A Cushing’s triad is a late sign of increased ICP this presents as widening PP, bradycardia and irregular respiratory rate.
F.A.S.T and what is it used to detect?
Stroke
facial droop, arms, speech and time is tissue
