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Physics > END OF YEAR9 Part 2 > Flashcards

END OF YEAR9 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are waves used for

A

To transfer energy and information

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2
Q

Tell me about transverse waves

A

They vibrate at 90° to the direction of energy transfer eg all electromagnetic waves

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3
Q

Tell me about longitudinal waves

A

They vibrate parallel to the direction of energy transfer e.g. sound waves. the vibrations are known as compressions and rarefactions

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4
Q

Tell me about mechanical waves

A

They need a medium to travel through and may be transverse or longitudinal eg waves on the slinky spring

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5
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

It is the height of the wave crest from the position of rest

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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave

A

It is the number of Wavecrest sporting a point in one second

Unit: Hertz

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7
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A

It is the distance from one Wavecrest to another

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8
Q

What is the wave equation

A

Speed(m/s) = frequency(Hz) X wavelength(m)

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9
Q

What is the normal

A

It is a line drawn perpendicular to the mirror

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10
Q

What is the angle of incidence

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal

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11
Q

What does the angle of incidence have to equal for the Ray of light to be reflected by a plane mirror

A

The angle of reflection

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12
Q

What is a plane mirror like

A

The image is upright, virtual and the same size as the object

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13
Q

What is a real image

A

It can be projected onto a screen.a virtual image only exists in the mirror

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14
Q

What is refraction

A

It is the change in direction of waves when they travel across a boundary. this change in direction is due to a change in speed

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15
Q

What happens to the angle of refraction in the glass when light passes from air into glass

A

The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence

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16
Q

What is diffraction

A

It is the spreading out of waves when they pass through a gap or round an obstacle

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17
Q

The narrower the gap………….

A

The greater the diffraction

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18
Q

Does the gap have to be a similar size to the wavelength of the wave in order for the diffraction to take place

A

Yes. that is why light cannot diffract around an opendoor way but sound can

19
Q

What happens if radio waves do you not diffract enough when they go over hills

A

Radio and TV reception will be poor

20
Q

What is the frequency range of the normal human ear

A

20Hz to 20 000Hz

21
Q

What are sound waves

A

They are vibrations that travel through a medium. they cannot travel through a vacuum

22
Q

What are echoes due to

A

They are due to sound waves reflected from a hard smooth surface

23
Q

Where does refraction take place

A

At the boundaries between layers of air at different temperatures. the warmer the air the greater the speed of sound

24
Q

Why can you hear sound a long way away from its source at night

A

Because soundwaves refract back to the ground

25
Q

When does the pitch of a note increase

A

If the frequency of the soundwave increases

26
Q

When does the loudness of a note increase

A

If the frequency of the soundwave increases

27
Q

Vibrations created in a musical instrument produce sound waves. what do you say the instrument does

A

Resonates

28
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

They are electric and magnetic disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another

29
Q

What waves can travel through a vacuum at 300 million M/S

A

Electromagnetic waves

30
Q

What are the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays

31
Q

What colours does white light contain

A

All the colours of the visible spectrum

32
Q

In a digital camera the light is focused by the lens on to a sensor consisting of thousands of tiny light sensitive cells called…….

A

Pixels

33
Q

What is infrared used for

A

For carrying signals from remote handsets and in optical fibres.it is also used in infrared cameras and infrared scanners in hospitals

34
Q

What are optical fibres

A

They are very thin transparent fibres that are used to transmit signals By light and infrared radiation. The light is totally internal reflected inside the fibre.
medical use: endoscope

35
Q

What do you microwaves do

A

They carry mobile phone calls. further research is needed to evaluate whether or not mobile phones are safe to use

36
Q

What are microwaves also used for

A

For satellite phone and TV links because they can pass through the atmosphere

37
Q

What are radio waves used for

A

For Radio and TV broadcasting, radio communications and mobile phone calls. they can also be used instead of cables to connect a computer to other devices such as a printer. this is known as Bluetooth

38
Q

Why are radio waves of different wavelengths used for different purposes

A

Because the wavelength affects how far they can go, how much they spread and how much information they can carry

39
Q

What are radio waves less than 1 m used for

A

TV broadcasting

40
Q

What are radio waves of wavelengths greater than 100 m used by

A

National and international radio stations

41
Q

Different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation have different……

A

Effects on living cells

42
Q

What can some electromagnetic radiation cause

A

Microwaves and radio waves can cause internal heating.
infrared can cause skin burns.
UV, X and gamma rays can cause more severe cell damage

43
Q

Please press here

A

Recent observations suggest distant galaxies are accelerating away from each other suggesting that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. the acceleration may be caused by an unknown source of energy called dark energy

Physics (3 decks)

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