End of Year Test Flashcards
What artistic time period’s purpose was to show the importance of people and leaders as well as gods and goddesses?
Classical.
What artistic time period’s purpose was to teach religion for people who could not read or write?
Medieval
What artistic time period’s purpose was to show the importance of people and nature, not just religion?
Renaissance
What is Michelangelo best known for?
Ceiling of Sistine Chapel
What was a result of the invention of the printing press?
More people learned to read
What did Renaissance scientists have in common?
They valued direct observations
The selling of indulgences troubled many Catholics because the practice made it seem that?
They could buy forgiveness
What started the protests which led to the Reformation?
Corruption in the Catholic Church
Who was the explorer and sponsor country to become the first to establish a sea route to Asia?
De Gama, Portugal
Which country started the trans-Atlantic slave trade?
Portugal
Who was the European explorer given credit as the first circumnavigate the world by sea even though he died in the Philippines?
Magellan
What were the impacts of the Spanish Conquistadors?
They weakened and destroyed the Native populations of the Americas, growth of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, led to settlements in America
What led to new discoveries during the Scientific Revolution?
The use of rationalism through the Scientific Method
Who were the scientists that helped to shape the scientific method?
Francis Bacon, Descartes
What is the heliocentric theory? Who created the heliocentric theory? Who added to it? Who championed it?
The idea that the sun is the center of the universe, Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo
The Enlightenment built on the use of observation and logic from the Scientific Revolution, but applied them to what?
Human Life
What was the “spark” started WWI?
The assassination of Austria-Hungary’s Archduke France Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian extremists.
What are the MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
What event led to the Russians exit from World War I?
Bolshevik Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin
An armistice to end World War I went into effect on the __th hour of the __th Day of the __th Month of 1918.
11th Hour of the 11th Day of the 11th Month
What were the long term and short term effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
Long Term: Laid the groundwork for world war distrust between Germany and other nations. (Led to world war 2)
Short Term: Accepting blame for war, Germany lost and reduced military, Created League of Nations
What led to hyperinflation in Germany where the German Mark became relatively worthless?
Printing extra money by German Government
What were the main causes of WWII?
Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler’s policies, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations
Fascism is a political philosophy that includes what?
Extreme nationalism, ruled by a dictator, people had no individual rights, extreme racism, military power/ war of conquest
What countries were associated with the Allied Powers?
US, Great Britain, Soviet Union
What countries were associated with the Axis Powers?
Italy, Germany, Japan
What year did the WWII end?
1945
What was the name given to the Nazi’s attempt to murder all the Jews of Europe?
Final Solution
South Africa gained its independence after what?
WWII (World War 2)
What does Apartheid literally mean?
Apartness
What was the purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
Expose the atrocities from the Apartheid Era in South Africa, and bring closure and forgiveness
Who was South African President that offered Nelson Mandela freedom if he were to reject the use of violence? Mandela ultimately rejected the offer.
PW Botha
What disease is a major problem in modern South Africa?
AIDS
What event led the United Nations to create a definition and plan of action for genocide?
Holocaust
Members of the UN have agreed to treat genocide as international crime. Member nations are obligated to
Prevent and Punish
What ideology was used to promote violence against the minority ethnic group that prompted the genocide?
Hutu Power
What event sparked the violence that led to the Rwandan Genocide?
President’s plane crash under mysterious circumstances
Who are the Lost Boys?
Approximately 26,000 Sudanese boys, the majority between 8 to 18 years-old, were forced by violence from their southern Sudanese villages in the late 1980s
What event sparked the violence that led to the conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan?
Rebels attacking government targets after feeling neglected for help with infrastructure needs such as schools, water, etc
What were the underlying reasons for the genocide in Darfur?
Desertification led to tensions over land and grazing rights, Ethnicity, and oil
What are conflict minerals and what did they have to do with the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
Many innocent people suffered bodily mutilation, been killed, made into forced laborers, and/or fled the violence not just in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It also affected Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Angola. Conflict minerals are resources that are obtained illegally and help fund the wars.
What major world religions were started in Southwest Asia?
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
After WWII, what international body attempted to find a solution to the Arab\Jew conflict in Palestine? What was their solution? Why did the solution not work?
The United Nations created a partition plan to split Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state with Jerusalem being designated an international city monitored by the British. Arabs refused to recognize the Jewish state that led to war when the British left.
Who started and what caused the revolution in Iran in 1979? What type of government was created? What changes did it make to Iranian society?
The Islamic Revolution was started by the Ayatollah Khomeini. Many Iranians opposed the Shah’s imposition of Western, secular policies, and brutality against those who opposed him. Iran became a theocracy. A new code of law was created that was based on the Sharia, Islamic law, and the Quran. Iran looked at the Western nations as enemies for their support of the law of the Shah and his policies.
What caused the Persian Gulf War? What was the strategy of the US during this war? What concessions were made at the end of the war?
Iraq, under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, attacked and took over Kuwait due to several disagreements between the two countries. US led the UN to pass a resolution for Iraq to pull out of Kuwait. Several nations sent troops to enforce the resolutions. The alliance amassed an overwhelming military presence that led to a quick victory. Iraq among their other concessions were to allow UN inspectors to check their weapons program.
What caused the War in Iraq in 2003? How did US strategy differ from the earlier Persian Gulf War? Why does fighting continue in the region today?
US intelligence agencies felt that Iraq was attempting to rebuild weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). UN inspectors had been kicked out by Saddam Hussein. Most UN nations felt like economic sanctions would work, but the US and UK felt a military option should be used. Within a matter of months, Hussein had been removed, but the process of rebuilding the nation as a democracy still goes on today. Tensions between Sunni, Shiite, and Kurds have slowed progress. US troops withdrew in 2011.
What are the main religions of South Asia today?
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam
Discuss the concept of nonviolent civil disobedience.
It is breaking an unjust or immoral law by refusing to go along with it. The goal is to try to provoke a response and get public opinion on your side in order to change the law.
Without the British administration, India would be chaos. What was meant by the common perception of India?
The British felt that civil war would occur if they left India. Fighting would ensue between Hindus, Muslims, and other groups.
What country was led by the Taliban which allowed Osama Bin Laden to have terrorist training camps operate? It led to an invasion by a coalition of forces led by the US.
Afghanistan
