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Physics Year 9 > End of year physics Collegiate > Flashcards

End of year physics Collegiate Flashcards

1
Q

What is something with high thermal conductivity

A

A good conductor

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2
Q

What is something with low thermal conductivity

A

A poor conductor or good insulator

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3
Q

Give examples of materials with high thermal conductivity

A

Most metals like copper, silver, gold, aluminium

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4
Q

Give examples of materials with low thermal conductivity

A

Plastic, wood, rubber, wool

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5
Q

Why are materials like wool good insulators?

A

They have a high amount of fibres which trap air and prevent convection

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6
Q

What happens in conduction?

A

A solid gains heat and the thermal energy travels down to colder areas by colliding with adjacent particles

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7
Q

What happens in convection?

A

Air or liquid particles gain heat and then rise to an area with less heat and are replaced by cooler particles

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8
Q

Define SHC

A

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1*C

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9
Q

What is the formula for energy in SHC?

A

E=mc x theta

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10
Q

What does E or W stand for?

A

Energy transferred (work done)

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11
Q

What is E measured in?

A

J (Joules)

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12
Q

What does M stand for?

A

Mass

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13
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kg (kilograms)

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14
Q

What does C stand for?

A

Specific heat capacity

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15
Q

What is SHC measured in?

A

J/kg*C (Joules per kilogram degrees celcius)

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16
Q

What is Theta?

A

Change in temperature

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17
Q

What is Theta measured in?

A

*C (degrees centigrade)

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18
Q

What colour is best at emitting and absorbing radiation?

A

Black

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19
Q

What type of surface is best at emitting and absorbing radiation?

A

Matte

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20
Q

What colour is best at reflecting radiation?

A

White

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21
Q

What type of surface is best at reflecting radiation?

A

Shiny

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22
Q

The SHC of water is 4200 J/kgC. If I have 2kg of water and I heat it by 10C, how much energy would that take, in Joules?

A

84000 J

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23
Q

The SHC of water is 4200 J/kgC. If I heat it by 5C using 76kJ, how much water do I have, in kg? (Round to 2DP)

A

3.62 kg

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24
Q

What are the 7 stores of energy?

A

Kinetic, Thermal, Elastic potential, Gravitational potential, Chemical, Magnetic and electrostatic

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25
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy?

A

The energy stored by objects’ movement

26
Q

Give an example of kinetic energy

A

A person running, a ball being thrown etc

27
Q

What is the definition of thermal energy?

A

The energy stored in anything above absolute zero (0 kelvins)

28
Q

Give an example of thermal energy

A

A bowl of noodles, lava, a cup of tea, etc

29
Q

What is the definition of elastic potential energy?

A

Anything that is springy that has the potential to spring back up

30
Q

Give an example of elastic potential energy

A

a spring, an elastic band

31
Q

What is the definition of gravitational potential energy?

A

The energy stored in an object because of its position above the ground

32
Q

Give an example of gravitational potential energy

A

Jumping, a ball being held at a height etc

33
Q

What is the definition of chemical energy?

A

The energy stored in a fuel

34
Q

Give an example of chemical energy

A

Battery, wood, food, petrol etc

35
Q

What is the definition of magnetic energy?

A

The energy stored within magnetic fields

36
Q

What is the definition of electrostatic energy?

A

The energy stored in static electricity

37
Q

What are the 4 transfers of energy?

A

Mechanical working, electrical working, heating by particles, heating by radiation

38
Q

What is the definition of mechanical working?

A

Any type of transfer that involves a force or where surfaces are in contact. Includes soundwaves

39
Q

What is the definition of electrical working?

A

When energy is transferred by a current, through wires

40
Q

What is the definition of heating by particles?

A

Heat moving from one place to another via conduction and convection

41
Q

What is the definition of heating by radiation?

A

Heating via any electromagnetic waves

42
Q

What does the Law of the Conservation of Energy state?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (it can only be stored and transferrred)

43
Q

What two useful energy stores does a hairdryer output?

A

Kinetic and thermal

44
Q

What is the formula to calculate kinetic energy?

A

Ek = 1/2 m v^2

45
Q

What is the formula to calculate velocity?

A

v = distance/time

46
Q

What is the formula to calculate elastic potential energy?

A

Ee = 1/2 k e^2

47
Q

What does k stand for?

A

Spring constant (N/m)

48
Q

What does e stand for?

A

Extension (m)

49
Q

What is the formula to calculate Work Done/Energy Transferred?

50
Q

What does s stand for?

A

Distance (m)

51
Q

What does F stand for?

52
Q

What is the formula to calculate Weight?

53
Q

What does m stand for?

54
Q

What does v stand for?

A

Velocity (m/s)

55
Q

What does g stand for?

A

Gravity (N)

56
Q

What is the measure of gravity?

57
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

It gets dissipated into the surrounding area

58
Q

How do you calculate input energy?

A

Input energy = useful output + wasted output

59
Q

What is the formula for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = useful output / total input (x100%)

60
Q

How would you reduce friction which causes wasted energy?

A

Lubricate the parts so thermal energy stops being transferred

61
Q

What is the formula for bounce or drop Gravitational Potential Energy?

A

m x g x drop or bounce h

62
Q

What does h stand for?

Physics Year 9 (1 decks)

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