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IPS > end of year finial > Flashcards

end of year finial Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

the study of matter, its composition, its properties, and how it reacts with other matter

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2
Q

atom

A

the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that elemet

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3
Q

element

A

a group of atoms combined together that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

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4
Q

compound

A

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

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5
Q

atomic number

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom/element

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6
Q

atomic mass number

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of both protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom/element

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7
Q

period number

A

a number on the periodic table that represents the number of energy levels an atom/element has

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8
Q

roman numeral

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom/element

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9
Q

valance electrons

A

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

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10
Q

stable element

A

an element that has its outermost energy level full of electrons

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11
Q

neutral atom

A

an atom that has no change

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12
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons

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13
Q

ion

A

charged atom

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14
Q

chemical symbol

A

a chemical symbol is the shorthand notation for an element
ex.) Hydrogen (H)

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15
Q

chemical equation

A

a shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols

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16
Q

reactants

A

the starting materials in a chemical reaction

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17
Q

products

A

the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

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18
Q

chemical bond

A

force of attraction between atoms that holds atoms together

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19
Q

ionic bonds

A

an ionic bond is a force of attraction between oppositely charged ions that holds the ions in a compound. Form between a compound that contains a meta; and a non-metal

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20
Q

covalent bonds

A

a covalent bond is a force of attraction between atoms that share electrons to hold the atoms in a compound. Form between a compound that contains 2 non-metals

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21
Q

physical science

A

physical science is the study of matter and ebnergy

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22
Q

matter

A

matter is anything that has mass and volume(takes up space)

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23
Q

energy

A

energy is the ability to do work or cause change

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24
Q

mass

A

mass is the amount of matter in an object

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25
Q

work

A

work is the transfer of energy in which a force is put on an object and the object moves in the direction of net force

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26
Q

scientific method

A

the scientific method is a set of of steps used to solve a problem

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27
Q

hypothesis

A

a hypothesis is an educated guess made from a change in the results of an experiment

28
Q

volume

A

volume is the amount of space an object takes up

29
Q

variable

A

a variable is any factor that can make a change in the results of an experiement

30
Q

temperature

A

temperature is the measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms in an object

31
Q

density

A

density is the mass per unit volume of a material

32
Q

absolute zero

A

absolute zero is a theoretical temperature at which all particle motion would stop. (-273 C or 0 K)

33
Q

kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy id the energy of an object due to the objects motion

34
Q

potential energy

A

potential energy is the energy of an object at rest or energy by an object

35
Q

thermal expansion

A

thermal expansion is the increase in volume of an object due to increased temperature

36
Q

fluid

A

a fluid is any substance whose particles can move past one another and take the shape of its container

37
Q

speed

A

speed is the distance an object travels over a period of time

38
Q

velocity

A

velocity is the distance an object travels over time and the objects direction

39
Q

acceleration

A

acceleration is the change of velocity of an object over time

40
Q

g

A

g is the acceleration of a falling object due to gravity in a vacuum (9.8 m/s 6^2)

41
Q

vacuum

A

vacuum is an area without air

42
Q

gravity

A

gravity is a force between any objects dependent on the mass of the objects. often defined as a downward force on all objects

43
Q

force

A

force is any push on an object

44
Q

friction

A

friction is the force that opposes the motion between 2 surfaces in contact

45
Q

terminal velocity

A

terminal velocity is highest a falling object will reach due to the forces of gravity and air resistance becoming balanced

46
Q

inertia

A

inertia is the resistance of an object to any change in its motion(often called newtons 1st law of motion)

47
Q

free fall

A

free fall is when an object falls free from(without) air resistance

48
Q

weight

A

weight is the measure of the force gravity on an objects mass

49
Q

nuclear fusion

A

nuclear fusion is the production of energy from the collisions and combining of the nuclei of atoms at very high temperatures and pressures

50
Q

nuclear fission

A

nuclear fission is the production of energy from the splitting of nuclei, like uranium nuclei

51
Q

fossil fuel

A

fossil fuels are energy sources found within the earth formed from the decay of plants and animals millions of years ago

52
Q

renewable energy resource

A

renewable energy resources are energy resources that can be produced as quickly as they are used

53
Q

non-renewable energy resource

A

non renewable resources are energy resources that are used up quicker than they can be made

54
Q

machine

A

machine is a device used to make work easier

55
Q

power

A

power is the rate at which work is done or Power is the amount of work done over time

56
Q

efficiency

A

efficiency is a measure of how much put into a machine is changed into useful work output by the machine

57
Q

kinetic theory of matter

A

kinetic theory of matter explains how atoms in matter move or behave

58
Q

thermodynamics

A

thermodynamics is the study of energy and how it is transferred

59
Q

specific heat

A

specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a 1 Kg object by 1 C

60
Q

heat

A

heat is the movement of thermal energy from an area at a higher temperature to an area at a lower temperature

61
Q

insulator

A

insulators are materials that do not allow energy to flow through them very easily

62
Q

conductor

A

conductor are materials that allow energy to flow through them very easily

63
Q

waves

A

a wave is any repeating disturbance or movement that transmits energy through matter or space

64
Q

reflection

A

a reflection is when a wave strikes and object and bounces off the object

65
Q

refraction

A

the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one type of medium through to another different type of medium

66
Q

diffraction

A

the bending of a wave around a barrier or through an opening

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