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end of year finial Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

the study of matter, its composition, its properties, and how it reacts with other matter

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2
Q

atom

A

the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that elemet

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3
Q

element

A

a group of atoms combined together that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

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4
Q

compound

A

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

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5
Q

atomic number

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom/element

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6
Q

atomic mass number

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of both protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom/element

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7
Q

period number

A

a number on the periodic table that represents the number of energy levels an atom/element has

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8
Q

roman numeral

A

number on the periodic table that represents the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom/element

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9
Q

valance electrons

A

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

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10
Q

stable element

A

an element that has its outermost energy level full of electrons

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11
Q

neutral atom

A

an atom that has no change

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12
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons

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13
Q

ion

A

charged atom

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14
Q

chemical symbol

A

a chemical symbol is the shorthand notation for an element
ex.) Hydrogen (H)

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15
Q

chemical equation

A

a shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols

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16
Q

reactants

A

the starting materials in a chemical reaction

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17
Q

products

A

the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

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18
Q

chemical bond

A

force of attraction between atoms that holds atoms together

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19
Q

ionic bonds

A

an ionic bond is a force of attraction between oppositely charged ions that holds the ions in a compound. Form between a compound that contains a meta; and a non-metal

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20
Q

covalent bonds

A

a covalent bond is a force of attraction between atoms that share electrons to hold the atoms in a compound. Form between a compound that contains 2 non-metals

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21
Q

physical science

A

physical science is the study of matter and ebnergy

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22
Q

matter

A

matter is anything that has mass and volume(takes up space)

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23
Q

energy

A

energy is the ability to do work or cause change

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24
Q

mass

A

mass is the amount of matter in an object

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25
work
work is the transfer of energy in which a force is put on an object and the object moves in the direction of net force
26
scientific method
the scientific method is a set of of steps used to solve a problem
27
hypothesis
a hypothesis is an educated guess made from a change in the results of an experiment
28
volume
volume is the amount of space an object takes up
29
variable
a variable is any factor that can make a change in the results of an experiement
30
temperature
temperature is the measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms in an object
31
density
density is the mass per unit volume of a material
32
absolute zero
absolute zero is a theoretical temperature at which all particle motion would stop. (-273 C or 0 K)
33
kinetic energy
kinetic energy id the energy of an object due to the objects motion
34
potential energy
potential energy is the energy of an object at rest or energy by an object
35
thermal expansion
thermal expansion is the increase in volume of an object due to increased temperature
36
fluid
a fluid is any substance whose particles can move past one another and take the shape of its container
37
speed
speed is the distance an object travels over a period of time
38
velocity
velocity is the distance an object travels over time and the objects direction
39
acceleration
acceleration is the change of velocity of an object over time
40
g
g is the acceleration of a falling object due to gravity in a vacuum (9.8 m/s 6^2)
41
vacuum
vacuum is an area without air
42
gravity
gravity is a force between any objects dependent on the mass of the objects. often defined as a downward force on all objects
43
force
force is any push on an object
44
friction
friction is the force that opposes the motion between 2 surfaces in contact
45
terminal velocity
terminal velocity is highest a falling object will reach due to the forces of gravity and air resistance becoming balanced
46
inertia
inertia is the resistance of an object to any change in its motion(often called newtons 1st law of motion)
47
free fall
free fall is when an object falls free from(without) air resistance
48
weight
weight is the measure of the force gravity on an objects mass
49
nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion is the production of energy from the collisions and combining of the nuclei of atoms at very high temperatures and pressures
50
nuclear fission
nuclear fission is the production of energy from the splitting of nuclei, like uranium nuclei
51
fossil fuel
fossil fuels are energy sources found within the earth formed from the decay of plants and animals millions of years ago
52
renewable energy resource
renewable energy resources are energy resources that can be produced as quickly as they are used
53
non-renewable energy resource
non renewable resources are energy resources that are used up quicker than they can be made
54
machine
machine is a device used to make work easier
55
power
power is the rate at which work is done or Power is the amount of work done over time
56
efficiency
efficiency is a measure of how much put into a machine is changed into useful work output by the machine
57
kinetic theory of matter
kinetic theory of matter explains how atoms in matter move or behave
58
thermodynamics
thermodynamics is the study of energy and how it is transferred
59
specific heat
specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a 1 Kg object by 1 C
60
heat
heat is the movement of thermal energy from an area at a higher temperature to an area at a lower temperature
61
insulator
insulators are materials that do not allow energy to flow through them very easily
62
conductor
conductor are materials that allow energy to flow through them very easily
63
waves
a wave is any repeating disturbance or movement that transmits energy through matter or space
64
reflection
a reflection is when a wave strikes and object and bounces off the object
65
refraction
the bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one type of medium through to another different type of medium
66
diffraction
the bending of a wave around a barrier or through an opening

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