End Of Year Exams Yr 8 Flashcards
Ecosystem
The interaction between plants, animals and their habitat in a particular location
Community
The collection of the different types of organisms present in an ecosystem
Habitat
The area of land where organisms live and it has all the resources that an organism needs to live
Niche
A particular place or role that an organisms has in an ecosystem
What is protein needed for
Growth and repair
What is needed for warmth and insulation and energy
Lipids
What is carbohydrates
They are needed for energy
Vitamins are needed for ….
Preventing deficiency diseases
What are minerals used for
Key chemicals in your body
What happens if you lack vitamin D ?
Rickets
What happens if you lack vitamin C
Scurvy
What happens if you lack calcium
Bone and tooth decay
What is bile?
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder it helps to break down stomach acid and emulsify lipids
Why does the small intestine have a large surface area?
This is because of the villi, they provide a large surface area for maximum absorption of nutrients into the blood stream
What does smoking do to you
It damages your lungs with tar and weakens the alveoli which leads to ling cancer
What can smoking do to your heart?
It can block arteries which can cause death
What does carbon monoxide do in a cigarette
It stops the blood from carrying oxygen, instead it clings to them
What does a depressant do
It slows down your reaction time and relaxes you, an example is alcohol
What does a stimulant do
It helps your reaction time and keeps you awake, an example it coffee or cocaine
What do hallucinogens do
They make you hear, see and think things that aren’t really there, an example is marijuana or LSD
What do pain killers do
They help stop or relieve pain from someone, an example is heroine and aspirin
What do enzymes do
Enzymes are special molecules that break down large molecules of nutrients into smaller ones so they can be digested more easily
Explain the journey that food takes from the mouth to the anus
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What is the rectum
The last place where the faeces is stored
What happens in the large intestine
Only the food that cannot be digested is here, all the water is removed and goes back into the body leaving a solid lump of food called faeces
What happens in the stomach
The food mixes with digestive juices and hydrochloric acid
What happens in the oesophagus
Food is pushed through the gullet by contracting muscles
What is protease
Protease is an enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids, this happens in the stomach and small intestine
What is carbohydrase
It is the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules called glucose, this happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine
What is lipase
Lipase breaks down lipids ( fat ) into fatty acids and glycerol, this happens in the small intestine and is helped by bile
What is the reactivity series
Polite- potassium Spotted- sodium Leopards- lithium Can- calcium Meet- magnesium Affectionate- aluminium Zebras- zinc Into- iron Tender- tin Loving- lead Care- copper Single- silver Girls- gold Please- platinum
What classes a metal as a metal?
Is it a good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny, solid at room temperature (expect mercury), density, strong but maleable, can they be magnetic, they ring when hit
Whats the definition of an element?
Ask mrs
Why do plants need nitrates?
Nitrates help growth and repair and without then plants have poor growth, weak stem and upper leafs pail
Why is phosphates needed in plants?
Respiration and making roots as well as stoping the plant turning purple
How does potassium effect plants?
Needed for respiration and photosynthesis and leaves with yellow spots
Magnesium deficiency
Help make chlorofiel without yellow leafs
What does co - exist mean
Animals that live together
What do the guard cells do
Open and close the stomata
What do the cells in the palisade layer do
They are the main site of photosynthesis
What does the waxy layer do
It reduces the amount of water evaporated
What does the stomata do
Open to absorb sunlight but close if water levels are low
