End Of Year Exam- Year 9 Flashcards
Define the term solar system
The collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids and comets
List the order of planets in our solar system
Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
What two planets is there and asteroid belt between?
Mars and Jupiter
Describe a terrestrial planet
Terrestrial planets are in the inner planets of the solar system
They are small in size, made primarily of rock and metal, have a solid surface layer, few or no rings and are close to the sun
Examples of terrestrial planets
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
Describe Jovian planets
Jovian planets are the outer planets of the solar system.
They are also known as the ‘gas giants’ because they are primarily made of hydrogen and helium.
They have no solid surface and many moons
Examples of Jovian planets
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass
———
Volume
Define the term galaxy
A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction
List examples of galaxies
Andromeda galaxy Black eye galaxy Bodes galaxy Canis Major Dwarf galaxy Cygnus A Milky Way galaxy Virgo A Magellanic Clouds Maffei 1 and 2
Describe elliptical galaxies
Vary from nearly circular to elongated
Possess comparatively little gas and dust
Contain older stars
Not actively forming stars anymore
Describe spiral galaxies
Appear as flat, blue - white disks of stars, gad and dust with yellowish bludges in their centres
Divided into two groups: normal spirals and barred spirals
Actively forming stars and compromise a large fraction of all the galaxies in the local universe
Describe barred spiral galaxies
The bar of stars runs through the central bulge
Arms generally start at the end of the bar instead of from the bulge.
Describe irregular galaxies
Have very little dust
Are neither disk like not elliptical
Abundant in the early universe, before the other types of galaxies developed
Main types of galaxies
Elliptical, spiral and irregular
Define the term nebula and give examples
A cloud of gas and dust in outer space
Examples of nebula
Orion Witch Rosetta Cone Wreath Swan Eagle
Define the term star
A gaseous object in space that gives off energy and is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium
Describe the lifecycle of a black dwarf
Nebula—> protostar—> main sequence star—> red giant—> white dwarf—> black dwarf
Describe the lifecycle of a neutron star or black hole
Nebula—> protostar—>main sequence star—> red supergiant—> supernova—> neutron star or black hole
State the relationship between star size and lifecycle
The larger a stars mass, the shorter it’s lifecycle. This is because larger stars burn up their fuel supply quicker
History of the telescope
Galileo Galilei first developed the optical telescope in 1609
He used his telescope to view Earths moon, moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn
The Hubble telescope was launched in 1990.
Due to its distance from the surface of the Earth, it provides images that are further away these what we could see with terrestrial telescopes
How have satellites impacted our understanding of the universe?
They allow us to communicate with space probes
By mapping/tracking receivers on the ground, they give us a better understanding of our earth
They increase the ease of communication between countries
Define the term force
strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.
