end of year exam Y8 Flashcards
What was the divine right of kings?
The belief that the power of kings came directly from god
Who was Charles I’s closest adviser until 1628?
the duke of Buckingham, George Villiers until his assassination in 1628. Then his Henrietta Maria becomes his adviser.
Who was Charles I’s wife? why was she so unpopular?
Henrietta Maria, a catholic french princess was very unpopular as a large portion of the people back then were puritan/protestant and were against catholics. In their eyes, he was allying with the enemy
why did puritans/protestants hate catholics?
Catholics had brightly decorated churches with services in latin, whereas Protestants had services in english and had plainer churches as they thought that this distracted people from god. Overall they disagreed over many beliefs. Spanish Armada = didn’t trust each other
What caused the change from being Catholic to Protestant in England?
The Tudor reign
under the tudorian reign, what happened to parliamental priveliges?
They got more power, became more vocal and argumentative and were able to partcicpate in decisions such as religion and the monarch’s marriages. This could be one of the reasons why Charles I married before he assembled his first parliament in 1625.
why was the duke of buckingham seen as a bad advisor?
He was incompetent and Charles only took his advice, which annoyed both parliament and the public, and let to many bad decisions being made. An example of this is when he organised an attack on the spanish city oc Cadiz, which failed poorly and watsed £250,000 and lost over 7000 soldiers and 62 ships. Furthermore, even after the disastrous failiure in 1625, in 1627, Buckingham organised an attck on the french city of La rochelle, where they lost 5000 soldiers and Buckinghaam was forced to flee England. In August 1628, the Ducke of Buckingham was assasinated by angry sailors, and the publiuc was overjoyed.
Who were Charles I’s advisers?
1625-1628: Duke of Buckingham
Nobody liked him as he made bad decisions such as the invasions of Cadiz and La Rochelle, where he lost England lots of money and resources
1628 onwards: Henrietta Maria
- Charles’s wife, a French Catholic princess. Became his adviser after Buckingham’s murder but people were suspicious of her as she was French and Catholic.
What is the petition of rights? When was it created?
In 1628, aprliament demanded that:
- there be no taxes without parliament’s consent
- there be no imprisonment for no reason
when did the scottish army invade England? Why did they invade?
The Scottish army invaded in 1640; they invaded as Charles and Laud changed the Scottish prayer book to be more catholic, but when this was read in the churches, people rioted. In 1638, national covenant was signed and Scotland had to resist any changes made to the Church of Scotland by England.
What was the 11 year tyranny or personal rule?
when charles dissolved parliament in 1629 and didnt summon another one until 1640, when he was desperate for money.
What was coat and conduct money? Why and when was it used?
Coat and conduct money was an illegal tax created by Charles I in 1639 to pay to fight against the Scottish army when he attempted to force them into changing to being Catholic instead of Puritan and raised an army. However, nobody paid it andinstead off the english, the Scots invaded later in 1640.
What was Ship money? Why and when was it used?
A medieval tax that was originally only paid by coastal counties to fund the navy at times of war. Desperate for money, but unwilling to reinstate parliament, in 1634 Charles collected ship money in inland counties too! At first almost everyone paid, but in 1639, only 20% of the money was being collected.
Why did Charles attempt changing the scottish church?
In 1637, Charles realised that Scotland was quite puritan and wanted to change this. He attempted to change the scottish prayer book, but this failed and the scots rebelled against england in 1639
What were Charles I’s religious policies?
1633- Charles appoints William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury, and they begin to make the Church more catholic. The puritan community complained about these changes to the church of England, and it whoever complained were hurt, punished, imprisoned or killed!
1637- Charles wanted all the countries of the united kingdom to have the same religion and Scotland were a bit more puritan than all the other countries. He and Laud tried to change this by changing the Scottish prayer book to be more catholic, but when this was read in the churches, the people rioted
1638- National covenant is signed and prevents England from changing the branch of christianity that the scottish followed.
1639- Scots riot
what were Charles I’s financial policies?
1634- Charles began to collect ship money from ALL counties instead of just coastal ones to get enough money.
1639- to fund his own army to fight the Scots, he used another illegal tax called coat and conduct money, which barely anyone paid.
1633
Charles appointed William Laud as archbishop of canterbury
1637
Charles attempts changing Scotland to Catholic by changing the scottish prayer book, but when the new prayer book was read, the people rioted.
1638
National covenant is signed which makes Scotland resist any changes to the Scottish church
1634
Charles collects ship money from inland counties as well as coastal ones
1639
Charles raises an army to fight the scots and attempts using coat and conduct money, an illegal tax, to fund the army. nobody pays this, so they don’t attack.
1640
Long + short parliament
- November = Charles summons parliament to make them get taxation. In return for taxation they ask:
- regular meeting of parliament
- that archbishop laud be sacked
- illegal taxes be abolished
- laud’s changes to church be reversed
He agrees to all but last one. Some of parliament are happy with Charles, but the puritans want more changes. There are now 2 sides
Why didn’t the english fight very well against the scottish?
They were poorly funded as Charles failed to gather any money from coat and conduct money in 1639 to pay them for resources. Some soldiers refused to fight the scots or deserted the battle.
What was Charles I’s relationship with parliament like?
Overall, his relationship with parliament was quite poor as he frequently dissolved them and only summoned them when he was desperate for money as he couldn’t legally collect taxes for himself- only parliament was able to give permission for that. In 1629- Charles dissolved parliament and summoned them after 11 years, in 1640. This was known as the 11yr tyranny or the personal rule.
