End of year exam

Question 1

What is an organism?

Answer 1

An individual living thing; a system with many parts that depend on one another

Question 2

What are the seven characteristics of a living thing?

Answer 2

Nutrition
Metabolism
Growth
Response to stimuli
Excretion
Homeostasis
Reproduction

Question 3

The cell theory states that…

Answer 3

All living things are made of cells.

Question 4

What are the basic cell requirments?

Answer 4

Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Inorganic minerals
Organic compounds
Source of energy
Ability to remove wastes

Question 5

A typical cell will have…

Answer 5

1. Structural components
2. Organelles
3. Information
4. Active genes

Question 7

Cells are always active, so need a constant source of energy. This can be in the form of ______ or ________

Answer 7

Chemical or lights energy

Question 8

Cells that use light are

Answer 8

Photosynthetic or Photoautotrophs

Question 9

What is it called when a prokaryote gains energy by using chemicals?

Answer 9

Chemoautotrophs

Question 10

Consumers are organisms that…

Answer 10

Eat other organisms to gain their nutrients and energy.

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

The movements of water through a cell from a low concentration to a high concentration.

Question 12

Define the Cytoplasm and cell membrane

Answer 12

Cell membrane determines what can enter and leave a cell
Cytoplasm suspends all other organelles

Question 13

Define the Nucleus

Answer 13

Contains genetic material
Regulates cell activities

Question 14

Define the Mitochondria

Answer 14

Cellular respiration to produce ATP (THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL)

Question 15

Define Ribosomes

Answer 15

Uses genetic code to produce proteins

Question 16

Define the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

Folding, modification and transport of proteins

Question 17

Define the Golgi Body

Answer 17

Packages protein into vesicles for secretion

Question 18

Define Chloroplasts

Answer 18

Contain chlorophyll to undergo photosynthesis

Question 19

Define Lysosomes

Answer 19

Fluid-filled sacs which release enzymes

Question 20

Define Vacuole

Answer 20

Closed compartments filled with fluid
Storage of wastes, sugars, pressure for shape.

Question 21

Define the centriole

Answer 21

Assist with cytoskeleton shape when undergoing cell division

Question 22

Define the cell wall

Answer 22

Outside the cell membrane
Protects and supports shape
Prevents excess water loss/uptake

Question 23

What is selective permeability?

Answer 23

Some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through.

Question 24

What forms the basis of the four main organic macromolecules?

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

What are the four main organic macromolecules?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Question 26

What are enzymes

Answer 26

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

Question 27

What is Catalysis

Answer 27

Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of chemical reaction.

Question 28

What are the three main stages of Catalysis

Answer 28

1. Substrate binds to active site 2. Bound substrates changed into products 3. Products released, vacating active sites

Question 29

What are factors that affect enzyme activity?

Answer 29

Temperature pH Substrate concentration Inhibitors

Question 30

What is an inhibitor

Answer 30

Inhibitors are chemical substances which block access to the active site.

Question 31

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 31

Osmoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism that regulates the optimum temperature of water and salts in the tissues and body fluids.

Question 32

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 32

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

Question 33

What is homeostasis?

Answer 33

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.