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science y8 > end of year 8 test > Flashcards

end of year 8 test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adapted definition

A

to make something suitable for new conditions/its use

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2
Q

features of many predators

A

•forward facing eyes to look out for prey
•large, sharp claws

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3
Q

features of many predators

A

•forward facing eyes to look out for prey
•large, sharp claws

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4
Q

features of many prey

A

•eyes on the side of their heads to keep lookout
•some form of protection (e.g horns, spines, armour)
•run fast

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5
Q

examples of animals with adaptations in/on their mouth

A

•lion - sharp teeth to slice through meat
•birds - large, powerful beak for crushing trees
•sheep - wide, ridged teeth for grinding up grass

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6
Q

what happens in sexual reproduction/fertilisation?

A

the male sex cell fuses with the nucleus of the female sex cell which produces a fertilised egg

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7
Q

what does sexual reproduction need?

A

two parents

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8
Q

what does a fertilised egg grow into?

A

an embryo which then grows into a living thing

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9
Q

when fertilisation happens outside/inside an animal’s body it is called:

A

•outside - external fertilisation
•inside - internal fertilisation

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10
Q

why do animals that use external fertilisation produce lots of eggs?

A

because some will be eaten by other animals

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11
Q

what do ovaries and testes produce?

A

sex cells

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12
Q

what are the parts of the female reproductive organ?

A

•oviduct
•ovary
•uterus
•cervix
•vagina

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13
Q

what are the parts of the male reproductive organ?

A

•bladder
•glands
•penis
•sperm duct
•urethra
•testes
•foreskin
•scrotum

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14
Q

what happens when a metal burns?

A

it combines with oxygen from the air to form a chemical called oxide

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15
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance made up of two or more different elements fused together

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16
Q

what is an element?

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

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17
Q

magnesium + oxygen =

A

magnesium oxide

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18
Q

what are the products and reactants of copper + oxygen = copper oxide

A

•copper + oxygen - reactants
•copper oxide - product

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19
Q

acid + metal oxide/hydroxide –>

A

salt + water

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20
Q

what is the reaction called when a metal oxide/hydroxide reacts with an acid to form water + salt

A

neutralisation

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21
Q

hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide=

A

potassium chloride + water

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22
Q

sulphuric acid + copper oxide=

A

copper sulfate + water

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23
Q

how do you check if neutralisation has occurred?

A

•with a universal indicator
•litmus paper

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24
Q

what would the ph of a neutral substance be?

A

ph7

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25
Q

if the ph of a substance is 8-14, it is:

A

an alkaline

26
Q

if the ph of a substance is 1-6 it is:

A

an acid

27
Q

in what states does conduction occur?

A

•solids
•liquids (but not well)

28
Q

what are the particles like in solids?

A

all touching and very close together, arranged in a regular way

29
Q

what are the particles like in liquids?

A

close together, all touching but not tightly packed, follow the shape of container

30
Q

what are the particles like in gases?

A

very far apart and constantly moving, none touching

31
Q

what materials are the best conductors?

A

metals, most other solids are poor conductors

32
Q

what happens in heat conduction?

A

the particles in a solid are held tightly together, when they gain energy (from heat) they vibrate faster and so the vibrations are passed down

33
Q

in what states does convection take place?

A

•liquids
•gases

34
Q

liquids, gases, and solids which contain lots of air are:

A

insulators, which dont conduct heat very well

35
Q

liquids, gases, and solids which contain lots of air are:

A

insulators, which dont conduct heat very well

36
Q

what happens during convection?

A

When the air near the heat source is heated, the particles spread apart and the air becomes less dense and rises. As it rises it meets cooler air and passes the energy on. Because the energy is passed on, the air cools and becomes denser. The denser air sinks, setting up a convection current.

37
Q

how can heat be transferred through empty space?

A

infrared radiation

38
Q

how can heat be transferred through empty space?

A

infrared radiation

39
Q

what do hot/warm objects emit?

A

radiation

40
Q

how does infrared radiation travel?

A

as waves

41
Q

what is the unit for measuring forces?

A

newtons (N)

42
Q

what are forces?

A

pushes and pulls

43
Q

forces can:

A

•change the shape/size of an object
•change the speed objects are moving at faster or slower
•change the direction of a moving object.

44
Q

what is friction?

A

a force caused by two things rubbing together

45
Q

2 types of friction are:

A

•air resistance
•water resistance

46
Q

what does upthrust do?

A

•pushes things up (like a chair someones sat on)
•is the reason things float in water

47
Q

contacts forces need to:

A

touch the things that they are affecting

48
Q

examples of contact forces:

A

•friction
•air resistance
•water resistance
•upthrust

49
Q

non-contact forces dont need:

A

to touch the things they are affecting

50
Q

examples of non-contact forces:

A

•gravity
•magnetism
•static electricity

51
Q

if you float in a swimming pool:

A

your weight and the upthrust are balanced

52
Q

to stay fit you should:

A

•have a balanced diet
•excercise regularly
•avoid smoking
•avoid alcohol/drug abuse

53
Q

during excercise muscle cells need more:

A

energy which is obtained from glucose

54
Q

during excercise muscle cells need more:

A

energy which is obtained from glucose

55
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy

56
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system?

A

•to supply the oxygen your body needs
•remove carbon dioxide

57
Q

what is the function of the digestive system?

A

•to digest/absorb food
•excrete waste products
•provide glucose

58
Q

what is the function of the circulatory system?

A

•carry the glucose and oxygen to the muscle cells
•carry the carbon dioxide away to the lungs

59
Q

why does your breathing/pulse rate increase during excercise?

A

because your cells need more oxygen and glucose for respiration

60
Q

what is your breathing/pulse rate?

A

•breathing rate - number of breaths per minute
•pulse rate - number of heart beats per minute

science y8 (3 decks)

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