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Physics > End Of Unit > Flashcards

End Of Unit Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What are the changes of state ?

A

Gas -> solid =
Solid -> gas =

Liquid -> solid = freezing
Solid -> liquid = melting

Liquid -> gas = evaporation
Gas -> liquid = condensation

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2
Q

State 2 properties of solids

A 
Strong bonds
Can’t compress
Vibrate
Keep shape
High density
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3
Q

State two properties of a gas

A 
Fast moving particles
Particles far apart
Can compress
Expand to fill the container
Low density
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4
Q

State two properties of liquids

A

Can’t compress
Strong bonds but allow flow
Take shape of the bottom of the container
Less dense than a solid but more dense that a Gas

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5
Q

What is density

A

The relationship between mass and volume

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6
Q

How do you calculate density

A

Mass/volume P=m/v

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7
Q

Calculate the density of 7074kg of iron girder with a volume of 0.9 cubed

A

7074/0.9 = 7860kg/m cubed

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8
Q

What is the name of the can used to investigate the density of objects

A

Displacement or eureka can

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9
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of substance by 1 degree

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10
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy it takes for 1kg of substance to change state

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11
Q

State the unit for pressure

A

Pascals

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12
Q

What is the temperature of absolute zero

A

-273 degrees

0 kelvin

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13
Q

How do you convert between Celsius and kelvin

A

C -> k = +273
K. -> c = -273

Absolute zero = -273ºc / 0k
Freezing point of water = 0º/273k
Boiling point of water = 100º/373k

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14
Q

What is the relationship between kinetic energy of particles and kelvin temperature of gas

A

Linear proportional

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15
Q

What is the equation for pressure ?

A

Force = pressure / area

P= pressure = pascals
A= area = metres squared 
F= force = 1 newton/ metre squared
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16
Q

Define pressure ?

A

Amount of force acting on an area

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17
Q

How do you reduce pressure ?

A

Spread the weight out
Increase the area
Reduce temperature

18
Q

What direction does pressure act in ?

A

All directions towards the object and at right angles to the objects surface

19
Q

What is the specific latent heat equation ?

A

Energy transferred = mass X specific latent heat

Q= energy transferred = joules 
M= mass = kilograms 
L= latent heat = J/Kg
20
Q

What is the specific heat capacity equation ?

A

E= m X c X Ø

E= energy transferred = Joules
M= mass = kg
C= specific heat capacity = J/kg degrees C
Ø= Temperature change = degrees
21
Q

What is the specific heat capacity core practical ?

A

Use scales to measure mass of insulating container
Fill with water and measure again the difference between these measurements is the mass of water in container
Put the water in a insulating container and attach a thermometer and electric immersion heater attached to a Joulmeter with power making sure the joulmeter reads zero
Measure water temp and turn on power
When temp increased by 10º record joulmeter and increase in temp
Then use equations with measurements found

22
Q

Define density ?

A

A measure of compactness of a substance

The mass of a substance to how much space it takes up

23
Q

What is the density core practical ?

A

2) Measure the mass (m) of the object using mass balance Fill the bottle with a liquid of a known density (e.g. water) g) Place the stopper into the bottle and dry the outside 4) Measure the m ass of the bottle (m2). Empt the bottle and place the object into the density bottle Repeat steps 2 and 3. Measure the mass of the bottle (m3)Calculate the volume of displaced water: The mass of the displaced water = m2 - (m3 - m1) You know the density of water, so you can use V = m/p This equals the volume of the object Calculate the density of the object using p = m /V with the mass you measured in step l (m) and the volume you calculated in step 6

24
Q

In volume what does 1ml equal ?

A

1cm cubed

25
Q

What happened when you heat a liquid ?

A

The extra energy is transferred into the particles kinetic energy store making them move faster and then when the particles have enough energy they overcome there attraction to each other forming has bubbles in the liquid which is evaporation

26
Q

What changes as particles change stage ?

A

Density

Solid = most dense 
Gases = least dense
27
Q

Regarding specific latent heat what is melting and freezing

And what is evaporating , condensing and boiling

A

Specific latent heat of fusion = melting / freezing.

Specific latent heat of vaporisation = condensing , boiling , evaporating

28
Q

What happened when gas particles collide ?

A

When gas particles collide they exert a force on the container and as the force increases so does the temperature

29
Q

What is the density of water ?

A

1 g/cm cubed

1kg/m cubed

30
Q

Kinetic energy in solids ?

A

They don’t have much energy in their kinetic energy stores so they can only vibrate about in their fixed positions

31
Q

Kinetic energy stores in liquids ?

A

They have more energy than a solid in their kinetic energy stores, they can move over each other in random directions at low speeds

32
Q

Kinetic energy stores in gases ?

A

They have lots of energy in their kinetic energy stores and are able to live around in random directions at high speeds

33
Q

What factors are effect the amount of stored up thermal energy ?

A

Temperatures
Mass
Material the substance is made form

34
Q

What happens when a substance changes state regarding mass, volume and density ?

A

As you move from solid to gas it becomes less dense

Mass stays the same

Volume changes as the particles spread apart

35
Q

What happens a when has particles collide ?

A

They exert a force, in a sealed container, the outward gas pressure is the told force by all of the particles in the gas on a unit area of the container walls

36
Q

How does temperature affect gas pressure ?

A

The high temp means particles move quicker and collide more making more force exerted and thus more pressure

37
Q

What is the relationship between kelvin and kinetic energy of particles?

A

At absolute zero (0K) but (-273ºc) the particles have as little as energy in their kinetic energy stores as possible, their pretty much still

38
Q

What is the specific latent heat of fusion ?

A

Changing between a solid and a liquid (melting and freezing )

39
Q

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation ?

A

Changing between a liquid and a gas

Evaporating / boiling/ condensing

40
Q

What happens if surface area of a fluid increases

A

Pressure decreases

41
Q

What happens to fluid pressure with depth ?

A

It increases

Physics (13 decks)

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