End of Toxicology Flashcards
Clinical features of aspirin overdose?
Nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hyperpyrexia
Lab abnormalities of aspirin overdose?
Respiratory alkalosis initially then metabolic acidosis
What is the nomogram with aspirin overdose?
Done nomogram
What can you give to help aspirin patient?
Alkalinize the urine
What is the iatrogenic form of cyanide?
Metabolite of sodium nitroprusside, so caution it may accumulate in the elderly
What does nitroprusside do?
Decreases preload and after load (NTG only does preload)
What does cyanide do?
Inhibits cytochrome oxidase system, you convert to anaerobic metabolism as a result.
What is the result of cyanide anaerobic metabolism?
accumulation of lactic acid and decreased oxygen metabolism
What are the symptoms of cyanide poisioning?
- Skin early cherry red then late cyanotic
- Bitter almonds
- Cyanide levels NOT useful
What is in the Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit?
- Amyl Nitrate pearls
- Sodium nitrate
- Sodium thiosulfide
Why give nitrate in cyanide OD?
Met Hemoglobin production and cyanide can not bind.
Why give sodium thiosulfate?
Sulfur donor binds to cyanide
How does amphetamine overdose look?
HTN, seizures, tachycardia
Digoxin causes what symptoms?
N/V, yellow/green haze, halo vision
What do you give with digoxin overdose?
Digibind, antibodies bind active drug rendering it inactive
Which CCB are negative inotropes?
Verapamil & Diltiazem
Antidote for CCB?
Glucagon- positive inotrope and chronotrope
What does iron do to the body?
Direct corrosive effects of the mucosa and cellular dysfunction and acidosis
(local and systemic)
4 stages of Iron OD?
- Immediate: corrosive, emesis, bloody diarrhea
- Latency: 12 hours improvement
- Relapse: coma, shock, seizures, death
- Late: scarring, strictures, obstructions
Treatment for iron od? How do you know if its worked
Desferozamine, follow the urine. it should go from orange to pink to normal color
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
ADEK
What is a nephrocap?
More water soluble vitamins in the multivitamin
What does brown recluse venom do? Treatment?
similar to NE, vasoconstrictor. Give dapsone (abx)
Extravagate
What does brown recluse bite look like?
Community acquired MRSA, give PO bacterium for it
