end of term 1 tes

Question 1

semi-permeable of protein and fat that surrounds the cytoplasm and separates the inside of a cell from the outside

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

fully permeable layer of cellulose only existing in plant cells that protects and supports the cell

Answer 2

cell wall

Question 3

a cell’s gel-like filling, where chemical reactions take place, 70% water

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

the cell’s “control center”– where genetic information/instructions (chromosomes) are stored

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

only exist in plant cells, contain chlorophyll which turns sunlight into food to retain for photosynthesis and gives plants their green pigment

Answer 5

chloroplasts

Question 6

where energy is released from food (aerobic respiration) and gives cells the energy needed to function

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

use information from the nucleus to create proteins

Answer 7

ribosomes

Question 8

the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

to balance the level of concentration in an area

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

the ratio of mass of solute to the volume of water in a solution

Answer 10

concentration

Question 11

a solute that cannot pass through a membrane

Answer 11

non-diffusable solute

Question 12

water’s general motion towards the area of higher concentration

Answer 12

net movement

Question 13

when there is a big difference in the solutions’ concentration

Answer 13

osmotic pressure

Question 14

the outside has a higher solute concentration

Answer 14

hypertonic

Question 15

the outside has a lower solute concentration

Answer 15

hypotonic

Question 16

equilibrium in the solute concentrations

Answer 16

isotonic

Question 17

a lipid that is solid at room temperature

Answer 17

fat

Question 18

a lipid that is liquid at room temperature

Answer 18

oil

Question 19

fats and oils – biological molecules, insoluble in water

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

3 molecules of fatty acid, chemically bonded to 1 molecule of glycerol

Answer 20

molecular structure of a lipid

Question 21

form part of the cell membrane and store energy for long-term use

Answer 21

the role of fats

Question 22

a test to indicate the presence of lipids

Answer 22

ethanol emulsion test

Question 23

a specific pattern of amino acids linked together in a chain

Answer 23

protein

Question 24

C,H,O, and N

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

the material that makes up chromosomes, forms sequences called genes, and is the blueprint for a cell's structure and metabolism

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

the molecules linked in a chain making up DNA-- contains a base (A, C, G, or T) that determines which proteins are created

Answer 26

nucleotides

Question 27

proteins that increase the speed of metabolic reactions

Answer 27

enzymes

Question 28

the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Answer 28

catalase

Question 29

a byproduct of metabolic reactions that is harmful

Answer 29

hydrogen peroxide

Question 30

the force within a cell that pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall

Answer 30

turgor pressure

Question 31

firm/rigid

Answer 31

turgid

Question 32

contraction of a plant cell when it loses water from being in a hypertonic solution

Answer 32

plasmolysis

Question 33

when cells are soft and contracted due to plasmolysis

Answer 33

flaccid

Question 34

glucose molecules linked together, stored in plant cells, and can be broken back down into glucose when the plant needs it

Answer 34

starch

Question 35

sugar in a form that can be readily used by the body

Answer 35

glucose

Question 36

an insoluble string of glucose molecules, long-term storage of energy, stored in the liver

Answer 36

glycogen

Question 37

the basic unit of life. contain various organelles responsible for different functions

Answer 37

cells

Question 38

holds water-- water moves in and out through osmosis

Answer 38

vacuole

Question 39

small, circular DNA found in bacteria. contains genes that are expressed in the cell, and is useful in genetic engineering

Answer 39

plasmid

Question 40

single-cell organisms with no nucleus or other complex organelles. their DNA is in the cytoplasm

Answer 40

bacteria

Question 41

a type of cell with no nucleus and other complex organelles. the cell of bacteria.

Answer 41

prokaryotic cell

Question 42

a group of cells together that have the same functions and structure.

Answer 42

tissue

Question 43

a group of tissues that perform a function together

Answer 43

organ

Question 44

a group of organs that work together to perform a function

Answer 44

organ system

Question 45

allows some things to pass through, and others not to. example: starch molecules cannot pass through, but water molecules can

Answer 45

semi-permeable

Question 47

allowing some things to pass through, and others not to

Answer 47

partially permeable

Question 48

(in an experiment) not directly controlled, but will be determined by the experiment. this is measured and on a graph is the y-axis

Answer 48

dependent variable

Question 49

(in an experiment) directly determined by the person performing the experiment, intentionally set at different values, to observe its effect on another variable. on a graph its on the x-axis

Answer 49

independent variable