End of pulm / cardio pt.1 Flashcards
What is Pulmonary Hypertension? What is the prognosis?
High blood pressure in pulmonary arteries, very serious disease, poor prognosis w/o transplant
What are the signs and sxs of pulmonary htn?
Fatigue, tachypnea, cyanosis, dyspnea AT REST
Cor pulmonale is _____ failure
Right heart
Cor pulmonale aka Pulmonary heart disease is….
Enlargement of right ventricle secondary to pulm htn, different than CHF, usually the end stage of COPD
Pleurisy signs and sxs
Pleura are rubbing on each other when breathing due to inflammation, chest pain when breathing, cough, fever, shallow breathing
A patient just had open heart surgery you should check to see if they have this pulmonary condition before beginning PT
Pulmonary Effusion - excess fluid in the pleural space, pts with PEff can’t due anything in PT (low tolerance)
What is Pneumothorax? What can cause it?
Air or gas accumulates in pleural cavity, it can be caused by car accident, or in sports especially 17 y.o male
What are signs of Pneumothorax?
SOB, hypoxia, mediastinal shift toward unaffected side
Where are common sites for pulmonary pain referral? (9)
Neck, chest, upper traps (very common site), shoulder,(also very common) upper abdomen, scapula, medial aspect of arm, thoracic spine -pulm or AAA
What is the #1 killer of both males and females?
Heart disease
Signs and symptoms of heart disease are ____ in males and females
Different
Chest pain can also mean….
Jaw, neck, essentially anything in UE (especially for females)
Cardiac Syncope means
Passing out from a cardiac condition
What would you do if a patient needed more than to pillows to breath comfortably when laying down?
Call physician
Where does edema occur that would point to potential cardiac disease?
Ankles, hands (BL)
What is caudication? What is it a signof?
Excrutiating, cramping, Pain in calf after walking 6-7 minutes, sign of PAD
Nocturina is..
Peeing 4-6 times in the middle of the night
PND is…?
“Air hunger” pt wakes up in the middle of the night at the same time everynight with a dry cough, feels like they cannot get enough air
If someone has PND they might have…
Heart failure
What for CV disorders have sxs that mimic musculoskeletal pain?
Angina, MI, Pericarditis, Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
Ishemic Heart Disease aka CAD akaka CHD is…
Disorder of myocaridum causing insufficient blood supply to heart, #1 killer US (lifestyle disease)
Why should one worry about CAD if someone has no symptoms?
silent myocardia ischemia - symptoms do not always present (especially in diabetes)
Name three types of Atherosclerosis..
CAD - coronary artery disease, PVD- peripheral vascular disease, CVD - cerebrovascular disease
Simply put Atherosclerosis is…
Thickening of arteries due to plaque build-up
What are ALL of the risk factors for CAD? (15)
Smoking, elevated cholesterol (over 200), elevated LDL (bad cholesterol, 100) , HTN, Gender (sux to be a female), family hx, Stress (cortisol kills), elevated triglycerides, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes (#1 reason for CAD risk, espec typ1), low HDL, Hormonal (post menopausal women), Age (old), Oxidative Stress
Signs of Atheroslcerosis
General: angina, fatigue, SOB
Sometimes asymptomatic, sometimes sudden death
Tx of Atherosclerosis-
DIET AND EXERCISE,
PTCA, stent, statin, Bypass sx
Where are grafts potentially taken from for bypass sx?
Mammory artery, saphenous vein (too small for females), radial artery
Sternal Pxns vary but generally after open <3 surgery one should not…
Drive, shoulder ABD with ER, pulling up in bed, pushing pulling or lifting
What is Angina?
Temporary chest pain or discomfort that results when cardiac workload exceeds the O2 supply to myocardial tissue
What are the types of Angina?
Preinfarct/unstable, chronic/stable, new onset, postinfarct, prinzmetal’s, resting
What is the BEST tx for angina?
Exercise
What is an MI?
Development of ischemia with resultant necrosis of myocardial tissue
If someone is experiencing crushing chest pain radiating to arms, throat, neck and back, pallor, SOB, excessive sweating, nausea, dizziness, or fainting they are having a ____ and you shoud___
Myocardial Infarction, call 911
Within seven days of an MI, a patient can experience…
Post infarct complications (CHF, a second MI, thromboembolism, pericarditis, rupture of <3, dysrrhythmia, cardiogenic shock)
What is the target heart rate to exercise a pt with a pathology to?
20 bpm above their normal
MI symptoms in a female can occure anywhere…
Above the waist
CHF is not a ____ it is a ____
Disease; syndrome
Chronic CHF means___ acute CHF means____
Stable (constanst); exacerbation
Left CHF comes from___
Right CHF comes from___
Heart; lungs (or seconary to left failure)
Signs and sxs of CHF exacerbation..
PND, BL edema, crackles in lungs, gain 3 lbs over night,
CHF can lead to…
Pulmonary edema
